To date, nuclear localization signals (NLSs) that target proteins to nuclei in oomycetes have not been defined, but have been assumed to be the same as in higher eukaryotes. Here, we use the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae as a model to investigate these sequences in oomycetes. By establishing a reliable in vivo NLS assay based on confocal microscopy, we found that many canonical monopartit...

The orthometalated phenyl groups of the dimer [Ir(μ-Cl){κ2-C,N-(C6H3Me-py)}2]2 have been selectively brominated, at para-position with regard to Ir–C bonds, N-bromosuccinimide. bromination leads [Ir(μ-Cl){κ2-C,N-(C6H2MeBr-py)}2]2, which affords mononuclear derivatives Ir{κ2-C,N-(C6H2MeBr-py)}2{κ2-O,N-[OC(O)-py]}, Ir{κ2-C,N-(C6H2MeBr-py)}2{κ2-O,O-(acac)}, and Ir{κ2-C,N-(C6H2MeBr-py)}2{κ2-C,N-[C6...

Mutations in the proline/tyrosine-nuclear localization signal (PY-NLS) of the Fused in Sarcoma protein (FUS) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we report the crystal structure of the FUS PY-NLS bound to its nuclear import receptor Karyopherinβ2 (Kapβ2; also known as Transportin). The FUS PY-NLS occupies the structurally invariant C-terminal arch of Kapβ2, tracing a path similar to ...

RNA polymerase II (pol II) encounters numerous barriers during transcription elongation, including DNA strand breaks, DNA lesions, and nucleosomes. Pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides bind to the minor groove of DNA with programmable sequence specificity and high affinity. Previous studies suggest that Py-Im polyamides can prevent transcription factor binding, as well as interfere with pol II ...

A 51 year-old woman was found confused while crawling across a field. She had marked facial cyanosis and edema with cutaneous petechiae, subconjuctival hemorrhages, and echymosis across her anterior neck (image 1). Mild cerebral edema and a non-displaced thyroid cartilage fracture were found on computed tomography (CT) . The patient recovered full neuro-cognitive function within 24 hours and re...

A coupling of two distributions PX and PY is a joint distribution PXY with marginal distributions equal to PX and PY . Given marginals PX and PY and a real-valued function f(PXY ) of the joint distribution PXY , what is its minimum over all couplings PXY of PX and PY ? We study the asymptotics of such coupling problems with different f ’s. These include the maximal coupling, minimum distance co...

BACKGROUND Prunus yedoensis (PY) is a traditional anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory herb medicine used in South Korea. However, until date, little is known regarding its mechanism of action. METHODS In order to elucidate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of PY, the constituents of PY were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and nitric oxide (NO) and prostagland...

A glucose sensor was developed by electrocopolymerization using pyrroles containing a tris-bipyridine (bpy) osmium complex (Os-py), pyrrole (py), pyrrole propanoic acid (PPA) and glucose oxidase (GOx) to improve the key performance characteristics, such as the sensitivity, selectivity, and long-term stability. Tris-bipyridine osmium pyrrole complexes with four different methylene moieties were ...