Antibiotics are critical to the success of surgical procedures including orthopaedic prosthetic surgeries. Unfortunately, there has been a dramatic increase in the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria which have led to serious clinical consequences. For instance, in the U.S. alone, antibiotic resistant bacteria have been estimated to cause at least 2 million infections and 23,000 deaths a...

BACKGROUND The Stemming the Tide of Antibiotic Resistance (STAR) Educational Program aims to enhance the quality of antibiotic prescribing and raise awareness about antibiotic resistance among general medical practitioners. It consists of a seven part, theory-based blended learning program that includes online reflection on clinicians' own practice, presentation of research evidence and guideli...

OBJECTIVES To determine the temporal relationship between antibiotic use and incidence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in both the inpatient and outpatient setting of a large urban area. METHODS A retrospective observational time-series analysis was performed to evaluate the incidence of non-duplicate clinical isolates of E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxaz...

the aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance genes, phylogenetic groups and anti-microbial resistance patterns of escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy pet cats in kerman city. ninety e. coli isolates were recovered from obtained rectal swabs. antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates against seven selected antibiotic was determined using disc diffusion met...

In early times, scientists considered antibiotic resistance in terms of adaptation to the toxic agents. For instance, Ehrlich worked on development of p-rosaniline resistance to Trypanosoma brucei as early as 1904. The resistance was observed during the treatment of trypanosome infections as the organisms emerged that were resistant to p-rosaniline. The drug inactivation was also discovered ear...

Horizontal gene transfer by conjugative plasmids plays a critical role in the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Interactions between bacteria and other organisms can affect the persistence and spread of conjugative plasmids. Here we show that protozoan predation increased the persistence and spread of the antibiotic resistance plasmid RP4 in populations of the opportunist bacterial pathogen S...

The normal bacterial flora contains antibiotic resistance genes to various degrees, even in individuals with no history of exposure to commercially prepared antibiotics. Several factors seem to increase the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in feces. One important factor is the exposure of the intestinal flora to antibacterial drugs. Antibiotics used as feed additives seem to play an impo...

PURPOSE To describe the changes in antibiotic susceptibility patterns of common intensive care unit pathogens with time from the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a 2100 bed tertiary care hospital in South India. All data regarding patient characteristics, disease charac...