in wireless sensor networks (wsns), localization algorithms could be range-based or range-free. the approximate point in triangle (apit) is a range-free approach. we propose modification of the apit algorithm and refer as modified-apit. we select suitable triangles with appropriate distance between anchors to reduce pit test errors (edge effect and non-uniform placement of neighbours) in apit a...

vaccination considered as one of the most cost-effective health interventions worldwide  through prevention and control of many serious childhood diseases (1). it is estimated  global coverage of  dose 3 of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (dtp3)among children one year old has been 86% in 2014 (by range from 77% to 96%  in african region and western pacific region; respectively) (2). globally...

OBJECTIVE To assess state coverage and utilization of Medicaid smoking cessation medication benefits among fee-for-service enrollees who smoked cigarettes. METHODS We used the linked National Health Interview Survey (survey years 1995, 1997-2005) and the Medicaid Analytic eXtract files (1999-2008) to assess utilization of smoking cessation medication benefits among 5,982 cigarette smokers age...

in 1974, the world health organization (who) established the expanded program on immunization (epi) to ensure that all children have access to routinely recommended vaccines. since then, global coverage with the four core vaccines (bacille calmette guérin vaccine [for protection against tuberculosis], diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine [dtp], polio vaccine, and measles vaccine) has increased ...

This paper presents a new approach to valuing in-kind benefits and a new index for that valuation. This approach is both individual (or family) specific and assigns a value to benefits for all those eligible for them, whether or not the benefits are actually used. The value is based on observed characteristics of the individual (and family) and location-specific factors likely to influence the ...

Responsibility framing research on health issues typically investigates the attribution of responsibility for causes and treatment options to either individual or society. However, social epidemiological perspectives also stress relevance an individual’s network underline that three levels (individual, network, society) interact. Given media portrayals can affect public perceptions, attitudes, ...

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) makes health insurance available to nearly all Americans and the law requires people to maintain health coverage. That coverage can be obtained through a government program (like Medicare or Medicaid), an employer, directly through an insurer, or through a policy purchased through a health insurance marketplace (also known as a state health insurance exchange) wher...

adequate coverage is one of the main problems for distributed wireless sensor networks and the effectiveness of that highly depends on the sensor deployment scheme. given a finite number of sensors, optimizing the sensor deployment will provide sufficient sensor coverage and save power of sensors for movement to target location to adequate coverage. in this paper, we apply fuzzy logic system to...

When testing software, testers rarely use only one technique to generate tests that, they hope, will fulfill their testing criteria. Malaiya showed that testers switch strategies when testing yield saturates. We present and evaluate a stopping rule that can be used to determine when it is time to switch to a different testing technique, because the current one is not likely to increase criteria...