If we define institutions as the rules of the game (North 1990), it can be hard to separate the cause and effect between individual beliefs and cultural context. I utilise “Cultural Theory” (Thompson, Ellis and Wildavsky 1990) which creates a typology of needs and resources, and four logical strategies that derive from an individual’s expectation about their ability to manage their situation. W...

Whereas practitioners in advertising and marketing clearly appreciate the importance of affect and emotion, traditional academic approaches to the analysis of persuasion tend to stress rational ‘‘central route’’ or ‘‘systematic’’ processing. However, the notion of two sorts of cognitive process—one rational, the other affective—has gained increasing support. This paper presents a view of the co...

Nisbett et al. (2001) claim that Easterners are more likely to use holistic thinking to solve problems, whereas Westerners are more likely to use analytic thinking. This distinction in cognitive behaviors has often been explained by using a framework based on the fact that Western culture favors independent self-construal (individualist culture) and Eastern culture favors interdependent self-co...

This article addresses the contrast between collective and individualistic responses to crises. While liberal individualism was instrumental in an environment of capitalist competition free trade states, it is dysfunctional a world where global threats require cooperation mutual consideration. To address this problem, investigates forces that shape individualist subjectivity. These began ideas,...

The French anarchist press positions itself from the beginning as purveyor of honest and objective information, opposed to mainstream bourgeois newspapers, close political power, who tailor their news needs propaganda. This article offers an analysis role a vehicle for fake point view writers journalists, starting with Proudhon’s own newspapers (1848-1850), but focusing most all on polemics aro...

Place attachment has been identified as a key construct that can explain pro-environmental behaviour. However, the precise strength of its effect remains undocumented. The aim this article is to quantify effects place on behaviour by means meta-analysis and examine contextual factors may variations in sizes reported previous research. Our results show that, first, overall positive, moderate. Se...