The scope of this work was to characterize PM mass and number concentration at typical residential microenvironments in the centre of Athens and to examine the relative contribution of the indoor and outdoor sources. Three residential flats located in densely populated residential areas were studied, during a warm and cold period of 2002. PM10, PM2 and black carbon (BC) mass concentrations, as ...

This study was carried out to determine the distribution of particles in classrooms in primary schools located in the centre of the city of Sari, Iran and identify the relationship between indoor classroom particle levels and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations. Outdoor PM2.5 and indoor PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were monitored using a real-time Micro Dust Pro monitor and a GRIMM monitor, respectively. Both...

Indoor air is mostly contaminated from the use of gas for heating and cooking appliances. It is well known that the oxide of nitrogen production in the combustion products is the process that not been exactly described so far on all variables which are connected with its production. The comprehensive analysis of indoor air nitrogen oxides pollution show that extent of indoor air level exposure ...

Auckland has a temperate climate with comfortable warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Auckland house design not only focus on winter thermal performance and indoor thermal condition, but also indoor moisture control, which is closely related to indirect health effects such as dust mites, fungi, etc. Most Auckland houses are designed to use temporary heating for winter indoor thermal comfor...

The widely applied location-based services require a high standard for positioning technology. Currently, outdoor positioning has been a great success; however, indoor positioning technologies are in the early stages of development. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of indoor fingerprint positioning based on Wi-Fi. First, some indoor positioning technologies, especially the Wi-Fi finge...

Few biologists have studied the evolutionary processes at work in indoor environments. Yet indoor environments comprise approximately 0.5% of ice-free land area--an area as large as the subtropical coniferous forest biome. Here we review the emerging subfield of 'indoor biome' studies. After defining the indoor biome and tracing its deep history, we discuss some of its evolutionary dimensions. ...

Querying indoor information has become important with increasing demand for indoor pervasive applications in vogue. A number of applications have been developed like indoor navigation, localization etc., which work on the modeled indoor data. Different models like geometric, spatial and topological models exist for the indoor space. Existing query languages are model specific, and not user frie...

The target of the paper is to provide guidelines for indoor planning and optimization using an outdoor-to-indoor repeater or a dedicated indoor system. The paper provides practical information for enhancing the performance of high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) in an indoor environment.

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and adverse health effects. Past research indicates that the indoor residential PM2.5 exposure has the highest influence on total PM2.5 exposure compared to other microenvironments. Hence the characterization of the penetration of ambient PM2.5 into the indoor residential microenviron...