PURPOSE We performed this study to assess the trend of geographical disparities between rural areas located in the catchment areas of 41 medical universities in Iran from 1993 to 2008. We evaluated four indicators including rates for neonatal mortality (NMR), infant mortality (IMR), under-5 mortality (U5MR) and crude death (CDR). METHODS We got about 656 university-year data points for each o...

Rates of infant death are one of the most common indicators of a population's overall health status. Infant mortality rates (IMRs) are used to make broad inferences about the quality of health care, effects of health policies and even environmental quality. The purpose of our study was threefold: i) to examine the characteristics of births in the area in relation to gestational age and birthwei...

OBJECTIVE Few studies have examined the link between health system strength and important public health outcomes across nations. We examined the association between health system indicators and mortality rates. METHODS We used mixed effects linear regression models to investigate the strength of association between outcome and explanatory variables, while accounting for geographic clustering ...

Children and maternal health are the supreme assets of a nation. Because mothers reproductive or fertile women children future Therefore, both play vital role for The increase in economic productivity depends upon residents any area. As we know that 1980s, social development indicators were included indicators. indicator includes health, education, sanitation, hygiene, etc.; which education dev...

Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between air pollution and Infant mortality rate (IMR) during nearly ten years in Tehran, Iran.
 Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort case using time series analysis. Air monitoring data period (2009-2018) were collected from information of 23 Quality Control Centers different areas Tehran. For this purpose, daily measures PM10, ...

Background: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is one of the most sensitive indicators to assess the health status of any country. In India there has been a continuous decline in infant mortality rate however for the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states which constitute 45% of the total population of India, still shows very high infant mortality rates. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India, ...

INTRODUCTION Socioeconomic inequalities in health represent unfairness in the health distribution of a population. Efforts to produce information on mortality distributions in many low and middle income countries (LMICs) are mostly hampered by lack of data disaggregated by socioeconomic groups. In this paper we describe how mortality statistics obtained from multiple data sources were combined ...

The purpose of this study to contribute the existing literature by investigating at impact remittances on Pakistan’s poverty, both in long run and over short period from 1980 2018. Poverty is dependent variable, independent variables are inflation, education, trade openness, domestic growth product per capita, remittance. For purpose, ARDL bound testing technique used examine effect poverty mul...

BACKGROUND At the turn of the 21st century, India was plagued by significant rural-urban, inter-state and inter-district inequities in health. For example, in 2004, the infant mortality rate (IMR) was 24 points higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. To address these inequities, to strengthen the rural health system (a major determinant of health in itself) and to facilitate action on ot...

In footnote 1 in the introduction, we noted that the number of neighborhood clusters required to detect even economically large infant mortality effects of open defecation (OD) via a field experiment is large, both because of the plausible effect size relative to the variance in mortality and because measuring local externalities necessarily implies randomization at the level of the locality, n...