Tissue culture cells of a Rous virus-induced rat tumor undergo syncytium formation when placed in contact with mouse embryo cell cultures infected with murine leukemia viruses. This phenomenon can be used as a cytopathic end point for isolating and titrating these viruses in tissue culture. The principle should be applicable to detection of leukemia viruses of other species.

Purified coronavirus, detergent extracts of purified coronavirus, and virus-infected Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells were evaluated as antigen substrates in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and passive hemagglutination systems. Only detergent-extracted and -unextracted, purified viruses were reactive as antigen substrates in ELISA, whereas all three antigen preparations could be used f...

The ts1 mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) induces a neurodegenerative disease in mice, in which glial cells are infected by the retrovirus but neurons are not. ts1 infection of primary astrocytes, or of the immortalized astrocytic cell line C1, results in accumulation of the ts1 gPr80(env) envelope protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with ER and oxidative stress. Notably, ...

SIVmac239/316 is a molecular clone derived from SIVmac239 that differs from the parental virus by nine amino acids in env. This virus, unlike the parental SIVmac239, is able to replicate well in alveolar macrophages in culture. We have not however, observed macrophage-associated inflammatory disease in any animal infected with SIVmac239/316. Therefore, we sought to examine the cell tropism of t...

We have established a long-term culture system to study macrophages chronically infected with mycobacteria. Monocytes are infected with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and support exponential intracellular replication without profound perturbation of normal host cell function. We have used this system to investigate lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-mediated cytolysis. We have found that interle...

After an initial acute infection with cell killing, chicken or duck embryo fibroblasts infected in culture with reticuloendotheliosis viruses set up a chronic infection with no cell killing or morphological transformation. Essentially all of the chronically infected cells produced virus. The virus production was not sensitive to cytosine arabinoside or mitomycin C as was virus production in an ...

Aims: To determine whether the supernatants of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-infected squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells can stimulate cytotoxic T cells through dendritic cell (DC) maturation, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. Introduction: Oncolytic HSV-1 strain RH2 induced immunogenic cell death with the release and surface exposure of damage-associated molecul...

B19 parvovirus, the cause of fifth disease and transient aplastic crisis, has been successfully propagated in suspension cultures of human erythroid bone marrow cells obtained from patients with sickle cell disease and stimulated by erythropoietin. B19 inoculation in vitro resulted in a marked decline in identifiable erythroid cells over seven to nine days of incubation. Characteristic giant ea...

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is a major target and reservoir of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected T-cells. Our studies seek to recapitulate, in vitro, interactions between HIV-infected T-lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying the disruption of normal epithelial cell and barrier function. Here, we describe a novel approach for cr...

Skin infection studies are often limited by financial and ethical constraints, and alternatives, such as monolayer cell culture, do not reflect many cellular processes limiting their application. For a more functional replacement, 3D skin culture models offer many advantages such as the maintenance of the tissue structure and the cell types present in the host environment. A 3D skin culture mod...