During major earthquakes, existing buildings have collapsed or suffered serious damage, resulting in number of losses, severe injuries, and deaths. Based on literature, the influence this work reviewed effects interface with different materials also to find how infilled frames behave framed structure. This study's primary goal is strengthen RC-framed structures increase ductility by using mater...

This paper presents the experimental and numerical investigations of high strength steel square rectangular tubular stub columns infilled with concrete. Firstly, a series tests was conducted on cold-formed (CFHSS) sections three different concrete compressive strengths, i.e., 40, 80 120 MPa. The CFHSS had nominal 0.2% proof stress (yield stress) up to 900 Secondly, an extensive study accounting...