0001 The strings of amino acids that make up a protein are specifi ed by the sequence of nucleotides in the coding region of a gene. However, genes also contain nucleotides that don’t contribute to the sequence of a protein, in noncoding areas called introns. Before the protein can be generated, the introns must be removed and the coding parts (called exons) must be spliced back together. Splic...

Your DNA is found in your chromosomes which are a part of every single cell in your body, whether it is a skin cell, a hair cell or a cell from the inside of your intestine. There are exactly 46 chromosomes in each one of your cells and each one of those chromosomes, carries approximately 1,000 genes. The only exception to this rule is the sex cells. The egg and sperm cells found in human bodie...

It long has been suspected that psychosocial factors affect cancer development and progression. Although the connections between stress and cancer causation are not strong, epidemiologic and clinical studies have provided strong links between cancer progression and several stress-related factors including chronic stress, depression, and social isolation. Recent molecular and biological studies ...

There is a wide documentary material regarding the upper dental disease influencing the state of the maxillary sinus. This article tries to show that the relation is a two-way one.

Many methods for causal inference generate directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that formalize causal relations between n variables. Given the joint distribution on all these variables, the DAG contains all information about how intervening on one variable changes the distribution of the other n− 1 variables. However, quantifying the causal influence of one variable on another one remains a nontrivia...

some evidence that the international variations in the outcome of schizophrenia are associated with higher amounts of refined sugar and dairy products in the average national diet data published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. An association is also found between the prevalence of depression and a low dietary intake of fish and seafood. It is a simple correlation...

3 4 Laurie A. Silva, Solomiia Khomandiak, Alison W. Ashbrook, Romy Weller, 5 Mark T. Heise, Thomas E. Morrison, and Terence S. Dermody 6 7 Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and 8 Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of 9 Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 10 Departments of Genetics and Microbiology and Immunology and...

Recent studies indicate that, when the strengths of specific synapses are modified by activity, changes in strengths also occur at neighboring synapses; this neighborhood influence has important implications for how synaptic modifications implement learning and memory.

Injection of steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (bFF; 2 \m=x\5 ml s.c. 12h apart) into anoestrous ewes lowered plasma FSH concentrations by 70% and after 24 h had significantly (P < 0\m=.\01)reduced the number of non-atretic follicles (\m=ge\1 mm diam.) without influencing the total number of follicles (\m=ge\1 mm diam.) compared to untreated controls. Hourly injections of FSH (10 \g=m\gi.v. ...

What’s in an infiuence link? To answer this foundational question, I propose a semantics for qualitative influences: a positively influences b if and only if the posterior distribution for b given o increases with o in the sense of first-order stochastic dominance. By requiring that this condition hold in all contexts, we gain the ability to perform inference across chains of qualitative influe...