background: early dental caries in childhood is one of the health problems. this survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its contributing factors among 3-6 year old children in varamin, iran kindergartens. methods: in this cross-sectional study, 838 children aged 3-6 years from varamin kindergartens were selected by census and examined for dental caries using who...

objectives: the aim of this research was to assess the level of awareness of rehabilitation professionals employed in academic rehabilitation centers in tehran with reference to tele-rehabilitation technology. methods: in this study, a descriptive cross-sectional research method was used. the research was implemented by using a researcher-designed questionnaire which was developed by the integr...

abstract background: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd) is an inherited disorder with genetic heterogeneity. up to three loci are involved in this disease, pkdi on chromosome 16p13.3, pkd2 on 4q21, and a third locus of unknown location. methods: here we report the first molecular genetic study of adpkd and the existence oflocus heterogeneity for adpkd in the iranian population...

In the context of exploring educational hypermedia on the World Wide Web, this paper presents a history visualization that helps learners reorganize explored contents to find what Web sites they should visit next. Learning-by-exploration is discussed as it relates to educational hypermedia, including the "Get Lost in Hyperspace" problem, learning support approaches, and current work on hypermed...

Causal discovery programs have met with considerable enthusiasm in the AI and data mining communities. Amongst philosophers they have met a more mixed response, with numerous skeptics pointing out weaknesses in their assumptions. Some criticize the reliance upon faithfulness (the idea that every causal connection will result in probabilistic dependence), since the true model may in fact be unfa...

Now that we have covered the basics of research, organization, and how to make reasoned claims, we turn our attention to the first of three types of speeches you might find yourself delivering one day. We often equate speeches with political candidates making appeals to an audience, or perhaps a sermon on morality from a preacher, but not all speeches are designed to persuade a person. In fact,...

A single counterfactual conditional can have a multitude of interpretations that differ, intuitively, in the connection between antecedent and consequent. Using structural equation models (SEMs) to represent event dependencies, we illustrate various types of explanation compatible with a given counterfactual. We then formalize in the SEM framework the notion of an acceptable explanation, identi...