Inhalation injury is an acute respiratory tract insult caused by steam or toxic inhalants such as fumes, gases, and mists. Inhalation injury may occur without cutaneous burn injury, though the two injuries usually occur together. Despite increasing clinical interest in the problem of inhalation injury over the last few decades, the pathophysiology of inhalation injury remains poorly understood ...

Specific regions in the rat larynx exhibit cellular changes in response to inhaled xenobiotics. These regions include the base of the epiglottis, ventral pouch, and medial surfaces of the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages. 1 , 2 In order to collect information on the usefulness of trimming techniques, the influence of different vehicles, the impact of different application routes i...

The early pulmonary consequences of inhalation injury are well documented; however, little is known about delayed pulmonary complications following thermal inhalation injury. Although thermal injury below the vocal cords is rare because of effective heat dissipation in the upper airway, inflammatory endobronchial polyps have previously been reported as a delayed complication associated with inh...

The manner in which a cigarette is smoked varies considerably between individuals and may be an important determinant of the altered bronchial reactivity observed in cigarette smokers. Twenty smokers were examined to determine the relationship between cigarette smoke inhalation patterns and bronchial reactivity. Inhalation patterns were measured non-invasively with a respiratory inductive pleth...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary coagulopathy is a hallmark of lung injury following inhalation trauma. Locally applied heparin attenuates lung injury in animal models of smoke inhalation. Whether local treatment with heparin benefits patients with inhalation trauma is uncertain. The present trial aims at comparing a strategy using frequent nebulizations of heparin with standard care in intubated and venti...

BACKGROUND Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent pulmonary vasodilator peptide. However, whether intratracheal delivery of aerosolized AM has beneficial effects in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension remains unknown. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of AM inhalation on pulmonary hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension...

OBJECTIVES To compare the cost-effectiveness of inhalation of sevoflurane, target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol, intravenous (IV) propofol for induction-inhalation of sevoflurane, and IV propofol for induction-inhalation of desoflurane for anesthesia maintenance in day surgery. METHODS 240 patients, scheduled for elective day surgery, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 60 each):...

Although radon inhalation increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in mouse organs, the mechanisms and pathways have not yet been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to determine the details of SOD activation in mouse brain tissue following the inhalation of radon at concentrations of 500 or 2000 Bq/m3 for 24 h. After inhalation, brains were removed quickly for analysis. Radon inh...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 persistent organic pollutants, whose documented carcinogenic, neurological, and respiratory toxicities are expansive and growing. However, PCB inhalation exposure assessments have been lacking for North American ambient conditions and lower-chlorinated congeners. We assessed congener-specific inhalation and dietary exposure for 78 adolescent c...