Inheritance is an important aspect of object-oriented paradigm during software development. Inheritance supports the class hierarchy design and relation between classes and inheritance also has an impact on the complexity of software. Complexity of software increases the testing and maintenance efforts. So researchers and developer always try to reduce the software complexity because low softwa...

There are two composition mechanisms in ATL that have evolved separately, and therefore are not well-aligned. These are rule inheritance and module superimposition. Both of these composition mechanisms had different goals in mind: rule inheritance aims to increase reuse at the rule level, as well as optimise the performance of the matching process, while module superimposition aims to increase ...

Niche construction is an endogenous causal process in evolution, reciprocal to the causal process of natural selection. It works by adding ecological inheritance, comprising the inheritance of natural selection pressures previously modified by niche construction, to genetic inheritance in evolution. Human niche construction modifies selection pressures in environments in ways that affect both h...

Early attempts at combining multiple inheritance with nonmonotonic reasoning were based on straight forward extensions of tree-structured inheritance systems, and were theoretically unsound. In The Mathematics of Inheritance Systems, or TMOIS, Touretzky described two problems these systems cannot handle: reasoning in the presence of true but redundant assertions, and coping with ambiguity. TMOI...

Why the DNA-containing organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, are inherited maternally is a long standing and unsolved question. However, recent years have seen a paradigm shift, in that the absoluteness of uniparental inheritance is increasingly questioned. Here, we review the field and propose a unifying model for organelle inheritance. We argue that the predominance of the maternal mode...

Why are mitochondria almost always inherited from one parent during sexual reproduction? Current explanations for this evolutionary mystery include conflict avoidance between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, clearing of deleterious mutations, and optimization of mitochondrial-nuclear coadaptation. Mathematical models, however, fail to show that uniparental inheritance can replace biparent...

F-logic is a popular formalism for knowledge-intensive applications and, especially, for ontology management in Semantic Web. However, the original F-logic’s semantics for inheritance suffers from a number of anomalies when inheritance and deduction closely interact. This work rectifies this problem and develops a natural model-theoretic semantics for inheritance in frame-based knowledge bases,...

A large variety of di erent concepts have been introduced to express the notion of inheritance. Single inheritance, multiple inheritance, multiple independent inheritance and delegation are all various forms of the concept of inheritance. In this paper, we give a structural framework for the semantics of these forms of inheritance. This framework accounts for the structural and for some of the ...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the enactment civil law against Chinese descendants who are Muslim and authority role a notary in making certificate inheritance for Muslim. This research normative legal using statutory approach conceptual approach. results study system that can be used by free determine themselves use inheritance. Notaries have artificially based on Article 1868 Civil C...