The effects of asynchrony in the phenology of spring-feeding insect-defoliators and their host plants on insects' fitness, as well as the importance of this effect for the population dynamics of outbreaking species of insects, is a widespread and well-documented phenomenon. However, the spreading of this phenomenon through the food chain, and especially those mechanisms operating this spreading...

this paper reports the occurrence of the hymenoterous parasitoid of the diamondback moth larvae in iran. one species of braconidae, cotesia plutellae (kurdjumov), was collected from larvae of plutella xylostella (l.) (lep.: plutellidae). this parasitoid, which belongs to the subfamily microgastrinae, is newly recorded from iran.

In this study, wax worm larvae (Galleria mellonella) were used to examine their ability degrade and assimilate polyethylene (PE) as an energy source. This idea came from the similarity of wax, that is sole diet for larvae, with PE in composition. Morphology changes, weight loss, FTIR analysis GC-Mass test studied prove degradation by G. mellonella. The maximum depth holes on plastic surface 16%...

Hydrocarbon and wax ester components of cuticular lipids of the braconid parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say reared at 25 degrees C on larvae of a pyralid moth have been identified by GC-MS and analyzed with respect to adult age, mating status, and diet. The hydrocarbons range in carbon number from C(21) to C(45) and consist of a homologous series of n-alkanes, 11-, 13-, and 15-methyl alkanes, 1...

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used in biomedical research as a model to study vertebrate development and hematopoiesis and recently, it has been adopted into varied fields including immunology. After fertilization, larvae survive with only the innate immune responses because adaptive immune system is morphologically and functionally mature only after 4-6 weeks postfertilizati...

The insect immune response has a number of structural and functional similarities to the innate immune response of mammals. The objective of the work presented here was to establish the mechanism by which insect hemocytes produce superoxide and to ascertain whether the proteins involved in superoxide production are similar to those involved in the NADPH oxidase-induced superoxide production in ...

this paper reports the occurrence of the hymenoterous parasitoid of the diamondback moth larvae in iran. one species of ichneumonidae, diadegma anurum (thomson), was collected from larvae of plutella xylostella (l.) (lep.: plutellidae). this parasitoid, which belongs to the subfamily campopleginae and tribe limneriini, is a new record for iran.