Film cooling has dramatically contributed to the performance improvement of gas turbines, as it is a very effective technique for turbines. Large eddy simulation (LES) began be used in study film 20 years ago, and meaningful results have been found, but not yet intensively reviewed. In this review paper, we analyze introduce about 70 papers published on LES over past years. Numerical instabilit...

The thermal management of high heat fluxes is a critical roadblock in the way of higher-performance microelectronics. The ongoing reduction in microtransistor size translates into heat fluxes comparable to those encountered in nuclear reactions and rocket nozzles, but under much severer temperature constraints. Although the average heat flux may remain in the vicinity of 100 to 300 W/cm, the pe...