Early life adversity affects hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, alters cognitive functioning and in humans is thought to increase the vulnerability to psychopathology--e.g. depression, anxiety and schizophrenia--later in life. Here we investigated whether subtle natural variations among individual rat pups in the amount of maternal care received, i.e. differences in the amount of lic...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To assess the association of lesion location and risk of aspiration and to establish predictors of transient versus extended risk of aspiration after supratentorial ischemic stroke. METHODS Atlas-based localization analysis was performed in consecutive patients with MRI-proven first-time acute supratentorial ischemic stroke. Standardized swallowing assessment was carrie...

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the surgical anatomy of the insular cortex, morphology and vascularization of the insula and adjacent opercula in terms of transsylvian and transcortical approaches, and identification of the permissible anatomical boundaries for resection of glial tumors of the insula. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on 18 anatomical specim...

PurposeThe ‘chapeau de gendarme’ (CDG) sign, characterised by a symmetric down-turned mouth, has been considered as semiological hallmark of focal epileptic seizures with cingulate or insular involvement. We report three cases in which the CDG sign featured habitual seizures.MethodsThe epileptogenic zones these patients were localized lateral prefrontal cortex video-stereoelectroencephalography...

Influential models based on an increasing body of neuroimaging evidence propose that insular cortex integrates cognitive, affective, sensory and autonomic information to create a consciously perceived, 'feeling state.' To appraise these models and evaluate interpretations of neuroimaging findings, the authors review evidence pertaining to the psychological and behavioural consequences of insula...

Case presentation: Male patient, 7 years old, first child of a non-consanguineous couple, previously healthy and with normal neuropsychomotor development, presented recurrent nausea vomiting associated facial paresthesia. Neurological examination was initially normal. 3 months after the onset condition, he started daily myoclonic seizures hospitalized for investigation. During clinical investig...

See related article, pages 373–378. Stroke progression is a noteworthy phenomenon. It may manifest radiologically, clinically or as both. Several systemic upheavals contribute including cardiovascular dysregulation, blood glucose disturbances and hyperthermia to name just three.1 No previous studies, however, have really assessed whether any particular stroke location might be especially prone ...