The simplest water diversion method in irrigation systems is using intakes. Measuring the mean velocity is one of the essential hydraulic parameters in increasing the efficiency of the intake. In this study, the mean velocity was predicted for different width ratios of an intake using ANN-MLP neural network model. In order to do that, the flow field within a 90-degree intake was first simulated...

fifteen holstein male calves (416 ± 35 kg initial bw; mean ± sd) were employed in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square test to investigate the effect of partial replacement of barley grain by wheat factory sewage (wfs) within three 22-d periods including 16 d of adaptation and 6 d of data collection. the basal diet (wfs0) consisted of 42.5% (dm basis) barley grain, partially replaced with either 23....

Component models of heat production identified in a proposed system of partitioning ME intake and a dynamic systems model that predicts gain in empty BW in cattle resulting from a known intake of ME were evaluated. Evaluations were done in four main areas: 1) net efficiency of ME utilization for gain, 2) relationship between recovered energy and ME intake, 3) predicting gain in empty BW from re...

BACKGROUND Vitamin D sufficiency may be determined by the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] that results in maximal intestinal calcium absorption efficiency. However, some investigators questioned whether 25(OH)D concentrations above the concentrations associated with rickets or osteomalacia influence calcium absorption. OBJECTIVE We determined whether calcium absorption ef...

Feed intake is determined by many interacting factors and prediction of feed intake is the “Achilles heel” of diet formulation. Many different diet characteristics interact with environment and physiological state of cows, making it difficult to predict feed intake accurately. However, understanding the factors controlling feeding allows us to manipulate diets to optimize feed intake. Eating is...

eighteen female, neonatal brown swiss calves (39.5±1.2kg) were randomly divided into three treatment groups to investigate the effect of physical processing of diet on weaning age and some blood metabolites. treatments were included: mash starter (m), pelleted starter (p) and heterogen of mixture moisturized, rolled barley and corn. (h). diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous. there were no...

For a beef cow to continue in an annual production cycle, she must rebreed within 3 mo after calving. Malnutrition during this period frequently results in failure of the cow to become pregnant. The energetic needs of the cow are increased by lactation, and additional energy is required for growth of the primiparous cow. Determining energy expenditures during the first 40 to 60 d postpartum is ...

An alternative protein ingredient based on spray-dried, hydrolyzed red blood cells was evaluated in calf milk replacers. Two experiments were conducted to determine the value of the ingredient on intake, growth, and feed efficiency in dairy calves. In experiment 1, Holstein bull calves (n = 120) were fed calf milk replacer containing 0, 11, 22, or 43% of crude protein as spray dried hydrolyzed ...

Two hundred twenty-five lactation and litter performance records from 82 does representing four genetic groups and two diets were analyzed to quantify breed, heterosis, reciprocal F1 cross and diet effects for milk production and associative traits. Doe genetic groups were New Zealand White (NN) and Californian (CC) straightbred and Californian x New Zealand White (CN) and New Zealand White x C...