The emergence of integrated watershed management (IWM) in several countries throughout the world reflects a growing recognition of the multiple—often competing—uses of water, and the increased awareness of the interrelationships of water systems with other physical and socioeconomic systems. There are many different definitions and descriptions of the concept. Margerum and Born (1995, 377) cont...

Water systems evolve through time, changing constantly due to physical pressures or as a result of how we manage them. Changing socio-economic conditions drastically increase the uncertainty associated with such changes, particularly with regards to the outcome of water resources management decisions. There is an increasing need for such uncertainties to be recognised and addressed by more adap...

Two of the key objectives of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) are: 1) to protect and enhance the status of aquatic ecosystems (and terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands directly dependent on aquatic ecosystems) and 2) to provide for sufficient supply of good quality surface water and groundwater as needed for sustainable, balanced and equitable water use. These requirements, together ...

Internationally, water management is moving from the traditional top-down approach to more integrated initiatives focussing on community-led action. With inadequacies in previous engagement initiatives undertaken through the first cycle of River Basin Management Planning for the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), the Republic of Ireland has only recently embraced this bottom-up approach. The a...

Socio-economic improvement of rural people especially women is one of the challenges in Bangladesh. While integrated farming system is the potential area of working opportunity of the women to improve their socio-economic conditions. Considering this issue, this paper was to examine the improvement of socio-economic status of women with increased participation in so-called “Integrated Farming S...

Climate change, water supply limits, and continued population growth have intensified the search for measures to conserve water in irrigated agriculture, the world's largest water user. Policy measures that encourage adoption of water-conserving irrigation technologies are widely believed to make more water available for cities and the environment. However, little integrated analysis has been c...

Aluminum alloy castings are normally water quenched after solution treatment to improve mechanical properties. Rapid water quenching can result in high-residual stress and severe distortion which significantly affect functionality and performance of the products. To optimize product design and durability, one needs to model and predict residual stress and distortion produced in the water-quench...

[1] Among countries with river basin organizations to manage their water resources, Spain’s experience is one of the longest. One of the first basin agencies established in Spain was for the Guadalquivir River in the south. A case study of that river basin and its management indicates how basin management is shaped by political economy factors such as the historical path of the agency’s evoluti...

Feature extraction plays an important role in many remote sensing applications. Automatic extraction of water bodies is of great significance in many remote sensing applications like change detection, image retrieval etc. This paper presents a procedure for automatic extraction of water information from remote sensing images. The algorithm uses the relative location of R color component of the ...