Based on theoretical findings from the literature integration of reading and writing pedagogies used with hearing postsecondary students to advance academic literacy, this article offers a model instruction for achieving literacy in developmental freshman composition courses composed deaf students. Academic is viewed as product acts composing which best transpire through reciprocal rather than ...

Introduction The probability of success of a research project is greatly enhanced when the “beginning” is correctly defined as a precise statement of goals and justification. Having accomplished this, the sequential steps necessary for writing a research plan and then successfully executing a research project are easier to identify and organize. Therefore, the message of this chapter is: by the...

Overview This paper addresses the problem of using Z to specify large software intensive systems. It is addressed particularly at safety, security or business-critical systems that require a rich language like Z to specify complex data and behaviour. Examples of such systems include air traffic control [1] and financial systems [2]. I am particularly concerned here with the process of writing a...

The present study investigated the factor structure of a field trial sample of the Test of English as a Foreign LanguageTM Internet-based test (TOEFL iBT). An item-level confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted for a polychoric correlation matrix of items on a test form completed by 2,720 participants in the 2003–2004 TOEFL iBT Field Study. CFA-based multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analys...

The purpose of this paper is to initiate a broader dialogue on the use of integrated intelligence (or INI) in formal research. The application of INI in research is referred to as integrated inquiry. The idea of integrated intelligence, and its specific applications, can be viewed as genuine cognitive processes, or for the more skeptical, as provocations to inspire the researcher toward greater...

Integrated writing is increasingly used in language assessment programmes. As a hybrid task, it requires students to coordinate different skills, i.e. listening, reading and writing, retrieve information from multiple sources, compose an essay for specific purpose. Tapping into the varied skills that contribute successful integrated especially beneficial low proficiency students. However, mecha...

In " Writing and Writing Patterns," M^5 Marion Richardson has made a very valuab'e contribution to the art of teaching. Apart fro*11 setting forth an excellent method of teaching handwriting, these little books must help ^ child who uses them to develop an appreciatiojj of rhythm and beauty. One hopes they ^ inspire creative effort and that they shall not used merely as copy books. The examples...

The conventions connected to the use of object-oriented frameworks can be described by framework-specific language extensions. The programmer is then aided in writing more correct programs. In an integrated structure-oriented language-design environment such language extensions can be supported internally.

Writing a good review article is a real challenge. It requires not just a detailed literature search but a thorough 'digest' of the material obtained. Readers seek an up-to-date guide through a morass of data that has been sifted by the author and then integrated into a coherent and authoritative account.

This discussion of data analysis in qualitative research addresses the question of how authors describe this aspect of their research. I suggest that the tradition of organization of research papers from quantitative research is not a good fit for writing qualitative research. I argue for less jargon and more detailed description, with the analytic process integrated into the findings and inter...