In many approaches for qualitative spatial reasoning, navigation of an agent in a more or less static environment is considered (e.g. in the double-cross calculus [13]). However, in general, the environment is dynamic, which means that both the agent itself and also other objects and agents in the environment may move. Thus, in order to perform spatial reasoning, not only (qualitative) distance...

Most agronomic models estimate canopy light interception using the Beer-Lambert law. This method only accounts for leaf area index (LAI) and leaf angle distribution (LAD) without considering the crop’s structural heterogeneity in space, or soil-leaf or leaf-leaf radiative scattering. These factors have been extensively studied during the past ten years e.g; (Luquet et al. 1998; Nouvellon et al....

To recognize prohibition traffic sign, this paper proposes a novel method that is trained by small number of samples and uses the feature histogram oriented gradient (HOG) support vector machine (SVM) network. The recognition mainly divided into three stages. first stage image preprocessing, which includes interception based on ellipse detection, resizing, Gamma correction. In part interception...