Abbreviations: RA: Rheumatoid Arthritis; CIA: Collagen-Induced Arthritis; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-17A: Interleukin17A; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; TNF-α: Tumor; Necrosis Factor-α; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; IL-8: Interleukin-8; MTX: Methotrexate; CSA: Cyclosporine; AZA: Azathioprine; LEF: Leflunomide; CFA: Complete Freund’s Adjuvant; ELISA: Enzyme ...

Background Comparing treatment modalities is difficult in Behcet's syndrome, even if tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors are a option for all involvements resistant to conventional therapy. This study evaluated how different departments dealt with treatment, particularly TNF-α inhibitors.
 Material and Methods The comprised 111 patients from our syndrome cohort who were treated...

Background: Although the imbalance of cytokines in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is well known, there is scarce data regarding its occurrence during dysplasia, before the malignant transformation. Objective: To determine whether laryngeal dysplasia patients show a different cytokine profile than patients with cancer and healthy controls. Methods: Seventeen newly diagnosed, untre...

BACKGROUND Interferon-α/ribavirin combination therapy might promote hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance in patients dually infected with hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV/HCV), but the long-term effect remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the rate of and the factors associated with HBsAg seroclearance during long-term follow-up after interferon-α/ribavirin combination therapy in ...

Induction of endotoxin tolerance leads to a reduced inflammatory response after repeated challenge by LPS and is important for resolution of inflammation and prevention of tissue damage. Enterobacterial LPS is recognized by the TLR4 signaling complex, whereas LPS of some non-enterobacterial organisms is capable of signaling independently of TLR4 utilizing TLR2-mediated signal transduction inste...

GS-9620 [8-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)benzyl)-4-amino-2-butoxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6(5H)-one] is a potent, orally bioavailable small-molecule agonist of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) developed for finite treatment of chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection, with the goal of inducing a liver-targeted antiviral effect without inducing the adverse effects associated with current systemic interferon...

BACKGROUND Skin side effects during interferon-alpha and ribavirin treatment are common, but autoimmune dermatosis triggered by interferon-alpha is rare. We describe a case of erythrodermia from exacerbated psoriasis during the treatment of acute hepatitis C with pegylated-interferon-alpha and ribavirin. The incidence of psoriasis in this circumstance is unknown and only 36 cases are described ...

Heterozygosity for dominant-negative STAT1 mutations underlies autosomal dominant Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases. Mutations conferring Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases have been identified in the regions of the STAT1 gene encoding the tail segment, DNA-binding domain and SH2 domain. We describe here a new heterozygous mutation, Y701C, in a Japanese two-gene...

ated in each group, TST and SST Z-scores of HBeAg-positive patients were significantly higher than those in anti-HBe positive patients in group 1 ( p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the other Z-scores ( p > 0.05). When HBeAg-positive patients and antiHBe-positive patients were compared in group 2, TST, SST, MAC, and MAMA Z-scores were not found to be statistic...