BACKGROUND Type I interferons play important roles in innate immune defense. In HIV infection, type I interferons may delay disease progression by inhibiting viral replication while at the same time accelerating disease progression by contributing to chronic immune activation. METHODS To investigate the effects of type I interferons in HIV-infection, we obtained cryopreserved peripheral blood...

Published, JBC Papers in Press, May 14, DOI 10.1074/jbc.R700016200 Christian Schindler, David E. Levy, and Thomas Decker From the Departments of Microbiology andMedicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunob...

Mice lacking the adaptor protein that initiates an antiviral response downstream of the RNA helicases retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) have recently been described. These studies highlight the essential and nonredundant role of nucleic acid recognition in the induction of type I interferon production and raise important questions regar...

One of several human leukocyte interferon subtypes A (LeIF-A), obtained in purified form from a gene cloned in Escherichia coli, stimulated human peripheral blood natural killer cell activity, whereas another human leukocyte interferon subtype D (LeIF-D) had no effect with the use of K562 as target cells. With Daudi as target cells, both LeIF-A and LeIF-D stimulated natural killer cell activity...

BACKGROUND Recombinant interferons have been approved by many national regulatory agencies for treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, but widespread discussion continues about their true effectiveness, benefits, side-effects, and costs. METHODS With the Cochrane Collaboration methodology, we reviewed all published, randomised, placebo-controlled trials of recombinant interferons...

Alpha interferons at doses of 3-9 MU subcutaneously, three to seven times/week, have been administered to 32 patients with malignant endocrine pancreatic tumors. The objective biochemical response rate was 63 percent with a median duration of 20.5 months. Significant reduction of tumor size was only noticed in 20 percent of the patients. Alpha interferon administered to 111 patients with malign...

Muramyldipeptide (MDP), the minimum essential structure responsible for the immuno-adjuvant activity of peptidoglycan, is recognized by intracellular nuclear-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2). Here, we obtained evidence that the treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with MDP up-regulated the gene expression of type I interferons in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MDP also...

Cytokine mediated changes in paracellular permeability contribute to a multitude of pathological conditions including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interferons and of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines on respiratory epithelium barrier function. Cytokines and interferons were applied to the basolateral side of air-liquid interface (ALI) cultu...