As both an urban and rural prototypical phenomenon the courtyard house type has emerged. It differs dramatically from other types of houses. In it, the outdoor space is enclosed within the interior volume and ultimately becomes the heart of its morphology and spatial organization. As a house type it was usually associated with the wealthy, and involved general physical features that pertain to ...

In this paper, notions of L-topological derived internal relation space, interior operator enclosed space and closure are introduced. It is proved that all these spaces categorically isomorphic to space.

The (single) black hole solutions of Ba~ nados, Teitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ) in 2+1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space are generalized to an arbitrary number n of such black holes. The resulting multi-black-hole (MBH) spacetime is locally isometric to anti-de Sitter space, and globally it is obtained from the latter as a quotient space by means of suitable identiications. The MBH spacetime has n ...

The (single) black hole solutions of Bañados, Teitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ) in 2+1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space are generalized to an arbitrary number n of such black holes. The resulting multi-black-hole (MBH) spacetime is locally isometric to anti-de Sitter space, and globally it is obtained from the latter as a quotient space by means of suitable identifications. The MBH spacetime has n a...

This paper presents an issue related to interior architectural environments, which is currently being investigated through an empirical research program entitled the NetWorkPlaceTM© study. It is delivered from a speculative standpoint which invites consideration and feedback. The radical structuralist conception of Castells’ network society is adopted as the position from which to explore the e...

Many shear flows follow a route to turbulence that has striking similarities to bifurcation scenarios in low-dimensional dynamical systems. Among the bifurcations that appear, crisis bifurcations are important because they cause global transitions between open and closed attractors, or indicate drastic increases in the range of the state space that is covered by the dynamics. We here study exte...

Introduction Four generic types of construction robots have been suggested in [4]. They were an assembling robot, an interior finishing robot, an exterior wall finishing robot, and a horizontal floor finishing robot. The interior finishing robot, as explained there, was designated to execute various interior finishing operations, such as partition erection, painting, plastering, jointing, tapin...

A prey-predator model with gestation delay, stage structure for predator, and selective harvesting effort on mature predator is proposed, where taxation is considered as a control instrument to protect the population resource in prey-predator biosystem from overexploitation. It shows that interior equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when the gestation delay is zero, and there is no per...