Interleukin 1 (IL 1) is a polypeptide that is produced after infection, injury, or antigenic challenge. Although the macrophage is a primary source of IL 1, epidermal, epithelial, lymphoid, and vascular tissues synthesize IL 1. When IL 1 gains access to the circulation, it acts like a hormone and induces a broad spectrum of systemic changes in neurological, metabolic, hematologic, and endocrino...

The effect of malnutrition on the in vitro production of interleukin-1 by lipopolysaccharide stimulated circulating monocytes has been investigated in children suffering from kwashiorkor and marasmus. The interleukin-1 activity was significantly lower in children with severe malnutrition. Furthermore, macrophages from children with kwashiorkor produced factors that suppressed mouse thymocyte pr...

Background As COVID-19 immunomodulation has been a part of interest for studies, it found that severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hyper-inflammatory response and increased levels interleukin-6 (IL-6) interleukin-10 (IL-10). This can progress to cytokine storm syndrome eventually development acute respiratory distress (ARDS). Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) ...

BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are involved in the mucosal immune system. AIM To assess the pattern of cytokines secreted by IECs and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMNCs). To achieve this, the expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, and IL-8 in human primary colonic and ileal IECs and LPMNCs fr...

A simple and reliable assay for interleukin-1 (IL-1) is described which has the advantage over other assays that it is independent of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by the test cells. The assay makes possible the detection of IL-1 in the supernatants of T cell populations. The ability of IL-1 to induce IL-2 receptor expression in the absence of T cell mitogen is the basis of this assay. Thus, ...