In general, systems try to have internal control; most humans want to feel like they have control over their life. Some do this by aiming for external control: they want to fix how the environment behaves. Others do this by trying to find synergies with the environment. How can we formalize these different strategies for control, and which one functions the best? I will try to answer these ques...

background and purpose: with regards to the importance of women’s beliefs in improving pregnancy outcomes, this study was performed to determine the perceived internal control on future pregnancy outcomes and its related factors in women who participated in pre‑marital counseling. materials and methods: in a cross‑sectional study, women’s perceived internal control was investigated. the study p...

background: test anxiety is the cause of weakness of the immune system, reducing the academic efficacy, inhibitor of academic achievement and imposes high costs on society. locus of control is not only how to search information in environment but also is  the way of analyzing it in relation to life events. this study is aimed to determine and compare test anxiety and locus of control in payame ...

386 students (181 female and 205 male) were selected randomly and asked to complete a demographic data sheet. rutter's internal and external locus of control and the beck depression inventory. data were analyzed by t-test and analysis of variance (anova). the results revealed, that 28% of students exhibited external locus of control, whereas, 72% exhibited internal locus of control. the me...

Horizontal mattress sutures have previously been shown to remove unwanted bulbosity and convexity of nasal tip cartilages. The purpose of this study was to extend that concept by investigating the universal applicability of the horizontal mattress suture to change and control the curvature (e.g., convexity or concavity) of a wide variety of nasal cartilages and warped cartilage grafts. The hori...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) induced quadriceps weakness on micro-structural changes in knee cartilage of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. DESIGN Fifteen rabbits were divided randomly into an experimental and a sham control group. Each group received a unilateral single quadriceps muscle injection either with saline (sh...

Horizontal mattress sutures have previously been shown to remove unwanted bulbosity and convexity of nasal tip cartilages. The purpose of this study was to extend that concept by investigating the universal applicability of the horizontal mattress suture to change and control the curvature (e.g., convexity or concavity) of a wide variety of nasal cartilages and warped cartilage grafts. The hori...