In this work, XFEM is employed to obtain the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of a semi elliptical part through thickness axial crack. In XFEM, additional functions are employed to enrich the displacement approximation using partition of unity approach. Level set functions are approximated using higher order shape functions in the crack front elements to ensure the accurate modeling of the crack...

Three new genera are established in the Sordariomycetidae based on morphological and molecular data (SSU and LSU nrDNA) to accommodate five ascomycete species collected from submerged woody debris in freshwater habitats from Costa Rica. The genus Bullimyces contains three new species, B. communis, B. costaricensis and B. aurisporus. Bullimyces is characterized by globose to subglobose, membrano...

Diabetic retinopathy has been examined in dogs made diabetic by bovine growth hormone or alloxan, and in humans. The thin-walled microaneurysm is a simple expansion of the circumference of the capillary with basement membrane thickening. The thick-walled microaneurysm represents the deposition of considerable debris between layers of thickened basement membrane, as well as compression phenomeno...