Does the United States shape the content of International Monetary Fund conditionality agreements? If so, in pursuit of what goals does the United States use its influence? We present evidence that American interests do shape the content of IMF conditionality agreements. We find that American policymakers use their influence in the IMF to pursue American financial and foreign policy objectives....

International agreements on transfrontier pollution require approval by domestic political institutions. In this paper we employ a voting game theoretic model to characterize the stability of such agreements when each country’s participation is conditioned upon a domestic ratification vote. To describe the pre-treaty or no treaty international situation, we propose a concept of (noncooperative)...

This paper examines the moral force of exploitation in developing world research agreements. Taking for granted that some clinical research which is conducted in the developing world but funded by developed world sponsors is exploitative, it asks whether a third party would be morally justified in enforcing limits on research agreements in order to ensure more fair and less exploitative outcome...

the least developed and developing countries constitute two third of the members the world trade organizations (wto). these groups of countries have different views and concerns on international trade issues. as far as development is concerned, they have different needs and their economic system is often weak and fragile and therefore, they need extra protection. the wto agreements contain spec...

I show that there is a trade-off in the design of international agreements between depth and rigidity. Increasing the depth of required cooperation both lowers the likelihood of compliance with the treaty and decreases the stability of the regime. In contrast, as the rigidity of an agreement increases (and there is less opportunity for tolerated defection from treaty obligations), the likelihoo...

Assessing the relative effectiveness of international environmental agreements accurately requires careful attention to the structures of the problems they address. Although even studies of single agreements would beneat by evaluating the inouence of problem structure, problem structure poses particularly large analytic challenges for scholars interested in the relative effectiveness of environ...

This paper provides an analysis of international environmental negotiations and agreements by focusing on the link between policy options on the one hand, and the structure of the agreements on the other. In particular, the paper analyzes whether there exist the conditions for agreements on global environmental problems to be signed by all or almost all world countries; and whether some countri...