Abstract Social development around the world has been stunted by lack of a comprehensive understanding and definition public value. Public value theory can provide guidance, inform universal standard for social development. However, it is difficult to define measure due its philosophical complexity. values are driven various economic, political, forces, be created many stakeholders including en...

background : the use of antibiotic prior to surgery is widely accepted. the who has recommended the use of atc/ddd (anatomical therapeutic chemical / defined daily dose) for the analysis of drug utilization.the aims of the present study are 1) to analyze the assessment of prophylactic antibiotic usage prior to surgery, 2) to assess the drug administration based on antibiograms and 3) to compare...