The shapes of landscapes are fundamental to ecosystem processes at various spatial scales. Topographic roughness index (TRI) is a measure of variability in the landscape surface and a proxy of the potential of disturbances to propagate across the earth’s surface, such as a wildland fire burning across a landscape. We describe the significance of TRI, present methods for calculation, and demonst...

Stone pavements are the historical, architectural, and cultural heritage of lots cities in Italy world. Road managers should be able to make decisions on global conditions define most suitable strategies maintenance interventions for every type pavement. There no standard monitoring methods or criteria evaluating stone pavement performance. These have more uneven surfaces than traditional pavem...

Automobile manufacturers specify in their requirements the characteristics of the microgeometry of metal plate quality. These quality criteria are a necessary condition for realization of supply of metal plates to the manufacturers. Each manufacturer has its own specifications. For example the Ford company requires that the roughness average on both sides of the metal plate be within the range ...

Riyadh City established and implemented a Pavement Maintenance Management System (PMMS) through the General Directorate of operation. The system was created to address difficulties that come with maintaining reserving pavement network. To evaluate conditions, uses visual checks, structural capacity roughness, skid resistance. An Urban Distress Index (UDI) is calculated during assessment process...

Pavement deterioration will bring disruption to traffic, and it is hoped that the pavement always on an acceptable condition. If distresses could be predicted correctly when repair maintenance plan was designed, addressed, preventive steps can taken minimize damage occur. This study aims develop a mathematical model predict condition, which represented by using International Roughness Index (IR...

The purpose of this project research is focused on the study of surface roughness and chip formation during milling operation of Mild Steel using vegetable based oil as a lubricant. Experimental set up designed by using milling machine. Taguchi Method of Orthogonal Array with factorial design of experiments used to analysis the response. Surface roughness and chip formation predicting models wa...

Diet quality is an important measure in understanding food security because of the synergistic nature of microand macronutrients (Gerber, 2001 [1]) and the association of healthy diet patterns with reduced risk for diet-related disease and illness (Kant, 1996 [2]). The Diet Quality Index ? International (DQI-I) is a composite, individual-level diet quality indicator. It was created in 2003 to e...