Four-terminal impedance meters based on pseudo-bridges yield unexpected uncertainties when using high-contact-impedance electrodes. Adding a front-end amplifier to the impedance meter and rearranging the connection of the meter terminals overcome the contact impedance problem. However, because the compensation provisions in the instrument are meant to compensate only impedance residuals of test...

Different types of charge storage mechanisms at unmodified graphite vs. glassy carbon electrodes in acid sulphate supporting solution containing potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) redox active electrolyte, have been revealed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and supported by cyclic voltammetry experiments. Reversible charge transfer of Fe(CN)6 redox reaction detected by assessment of CVs o...

The dynamic characteristics of human upper extremities can be modeled with mechanical impedance. Although many studies have been reported on the human hand impedance properties in static tasks with arm posture maintained, there are no reports for human arm movements in dynamic tasks including interactions with environments. The human impedance should be regulated before motion in some tasks. In...

Residual impedance correction in impedance analyzers when using an asymmetrical test fixture needs three reference measurements, usually open circuit, short circuit, and load (meaning an impedance close to the impedance under test). This paper provides an uncertainty estimate for impedance measurements that apply a simple open/short correction in spite of using an asymmetrical test fixture. Exp...

the purpose of the present work is to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the family of interval type-2 fuzzy reflexive/tolerance approximation spaces and the family of interval type-2 fuzzy closure spaces.

In this study, new impedance measurement techniques are developed specially for structural health monitoring of large-scale structures. Electromechanical (EM) impedance based damage detection techniques, which utilize the electromechanical coupling effect between a piezoelectric transducer such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and a host structure, have been shown to be very sensitive to local ...

in this paper, we introduce a satisfaction function (sf) to compare interval values on the basis oftseng and klein’s idea. the sf estimates the degree to which arithmetic comparisons between two intervalvalues are satisfied. then, we define two other functions called lower and upper sf based on the sf. weapply these functions in order to present a new interpretation of inequality constraints wi...

t-shape profile barriers are one of the most successful barriers among many different profiles. it has been shown that using welled diffusers on the top of t-shaped barriers makes a reactive barrier that shows better performance than that of any other used profile barriers compared with their equivalent absorbent barrier. the contribution of the top surface of reactive t-profile barriers to the...

Electro-mechanical impedance method is emerging as an important and powerful technique for structural health monitoring. The E/M impedance method utilizes as its main apparatus an impedance analyzer that reads the in-situ E/M impedance of the piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) attached to the monitored structure. Present-day impedance analyzer equipments (e.g. HP4194) are bulky, heavy an...