introduction: the influence of ascorbic acid on the nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (cpp) and behavioral sensitization was investigated in the present study. methods: in a pilot study, place conditioning and locomotor activity were investigated after nicotine (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/kg) or ascorbic acid (1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg) administration. different doses of ascor...

Ghrelin, a circulating growth hormone-releasing peptide derived from the stomach, stimulates food intake. The lowest systemically effective orexigenic dose of ghrelin was investigated and the resulting plasma ghrelin concentration was compared with that during fasting. The lowest dose of ghrelin that produced a significant stimulation of feeding after intraperitoneal injection was 1 nmol. The p...

Recently, it has been shown that the Toll-like receptors-2 and -6 agonist fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide-1 (FSL-1) have the capacity to induce fever and sickness behavior in rats. Since the mechanisms of the fever-inducing effects of FSL-1 are still unknown, we tested the pyrogenic properties of FSL-1 in guinea pigs and assessed a role for TNF-alpha and prostaglandins in the manifestation o...

Subcutaneous injection of L-cycloserine resulted in a 28% reduction in cerebroside levels in mouse brain but had no effect on the levels of gangliosides. In contrast, intraperitoneal injection results in a reduction of ganglioside as well as cerebroside + sulfatide levels. The route of injection influenced the degree of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine synthase inhibition. Intraperitoneal injection cau...

Following the intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with large doses of epidemic influenza virus (50,000 to 1 million intranasal M.L.D.) it can be recovered from the lungs in high concentration, and pulmonary lesions of moderate extent may be observed. The virus reaches its highest titer in the lungs 48 to 72 hours after intraperitoneal injection and may persist for 10 days. Virus may be recovere...

SCID mice are resistant to intraperitoneal infection with 10(3) and 10(4) intracerebral ID50 units of ME7 scrapie agent whereas they develop disease after intracerebral challenge. However, higher doses introduced, by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous routes, produce disease. Immunocompetent mice of the same strain (CB20) developed scrapie following either intracerebral or intraperitoneal infectio...

The morbidity and mortality in a number of emergency situations like accidents in civil and military persons can be reduced by immediate administration of drugs. Autoinjector with an antibacterial and an analgesic drug will be very useful for the immediate administration in such situations. These autoinjectors will contain replaceable drug cartridges and are convenient to use by the health care...

Objective- Medicinal plants and their active constituents are frequently used components for treating hyperglycemia. In the present study, the effect of curcumin was investigated on acute hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by ketamine-xylazine in rats. To explore the possible mechanism, yohimbine (an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) was also used. Design...