background: intrauterine device (iud) is an effective and long term method of contraception that can be used without continued effort by the user to prevent pregnancy perfectly. pain during iud insertion is one of the obstacles to properly using the device. thus, using different methods of analgesia and anesthesia to alleviate this pain has been studied by many researchers. this review article ...

Endometriosis remains a cause of significant morbidity in reproductive-aged women resulting in pelvic pain, pelvic masses and infertility. Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside of their normal intrauterine location, most commonly in the dependent portions of the pelvis. Endometriosis can be treated with medical therapies or surgery, both conservative ...

Seven patients with secondary amenorrhoea were diagnosed as having severe uterine synechiae by hysterosalpingography (HSG) and hysteroscopy, which revealed short, narrow and/or scarred uterine cavities as cone or column shapes. Laminaria tents were used to distend the uterine cavity prior to transcervical resectoscopy to completely dissect the dense adhesions. A more traditional postoperative m...

Introduction: Infertility, according to the WHO, is defined as failure to conceive after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. As routine examinations and procedures are often unable to diagnose some pelvic pathologies, hysterolaparoscopy has become an important diagnostic modality to detect some hidden pelvic pathology in infertile females. Purpose: To determine the role...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The recent studies have shown that sildenafil citrate can enhance estrogen-induced proliferation of the endometrium in infertile women. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study was aimed to investigate whether could affect pregnancy outcomes women receiving frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) after resection intrauterine adhes...

UNLABELLED The aim of the present study was to assess the objectivity and accuracy of a new system to evaluate pregnancy prognosis in tubal factor infertility (TFI) patients. Retrospective study in 469 TFI patients were pre- and postoperatively scored using the new system as mild, moderate or severe TFI, based on tubal adhesions, patency, morphology and structure. Follow-up was assessed to dete...

Background: Uterine anomalies are thought to be one of the reasons recurrent miscarriages, and have been found in as many 10% 15% individuals who had several miscarriages. Before submitting patients another pregnancy, it is critical rule out any intrauterine abnormality. In situations pregnancy loss, office hysteroscopy has shown a highly useful technique diagnosing treating anatomical reasons....

BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate an approach to induced abortions during early pregnancies that controls the suction pressure and restricts the duration of the procedure. METHODS Three hundred patients programmed for induced early pregnancy abortions, hospitalized in the Shandong Provincial Maternity & Child-care Hospital from October 2013 to October 2015, were enrolled. Patients were randomly...

Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare event that occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, especially when complicated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We report a case of a 31-year-old woman in the 6th gestational week of pregnancy achieved after in vitro fertilization, who was complaining of acute lower abdominal pain and distension, breathin...

Actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, granulomatous disease caused by several species of the genus Actinomyces, a Gram-positive, filamentous bacterium that normally colonizes mucosal areas. Actinomycosis can be mistaken for malignant tumors, and in most cases the diagnosis is delayed or missed entirely until surgery. Actinomycosis in the abdomen or pelvis mostly results from prolonged use of a...