Abstract In this study, we reveal a marked enhanced impact of the early-spring Aleutian Low (AL) on following winter El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) after late-1990s. This AL may have an important contribution to increased emergence central Pacific ENSO during recent decades. After late-1990s, decrease (increase) in strength tends induce anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) over subtropical ...

during the recent decades, substantial changes are made in the borders and contents of physiology as a basic course for the students in medicine. here some strategies are presented to preserve the classical and integrative approaches in teaching physiology, while these approaches extent our knowledge to molecular, sub-cellular and cellular levels.

it is not long time that residential complexes have been built in tehran. although during thistime, always influenced by some factors, configuration of the residential complexes has undergone fluctuations, rateof which has been very fast especially in recent decades considering the fundamental changes that have emerged in the housing debate. turning housing into an investment commodity. residen...

this article reviewed the addictive substance programmes in iran and around the world. for this aim method, some of studies regarding epidemiology of substance abuse in iran and demographic characteristics of iranian substance abusers were reviewed. these studies revealed that although the rate of substance abuse in iran were increased but during different years it had fluctuated. also some unp...

public interests justify the existence of public administration and public administrator must obligate it in any policies and decisions. reduction of public trust and organizational trust in recent years and necessity of power distribution and empowerment in democratization trend, intensify the emergence of servant leadership. denhart´s idea of new public service in recent decades, increases th...

nasoalveolar molding represents a paradigm shift from traditional presurgical orthopedics in the care of cleft lip and palate patients which has been applied increasingly in the past two decades. this article is a review of recent literature apropos of objectives, appliances, complications and short and long term effects of this technique.