Language use in conversation is fundamentally incremental, and is guided by the representations that interlocutors maintain of each other’s knowledge and beliefs. While there is a consensus that interlocutors represent the perspective of others, three candidate models, a Perspective-Adjustment model, an Anticipation-Integration model, and a Constraint-Based model, make conflicting predictions a...

When elections are close in time, voters may stick to their preferred party or chose a different option for several reasons; reliable estimates of the amount of transitions across the available options can allow to answer a number of relevant questions about electoral behaviour. We describe a modified version of the model due to Brown and Payne (J Am Stat Assoc 81:453–460, 1986) and argue that ...

By Tits’ deformation argument, a generic Iwahori–Hecke algebra H associated to a finite Coxeter group W is abstractly isomorphic to the group algebra of W . Lusztig has shown how one can construct an explicit isomorphism, provided that the Kazhdan–Lusztig basis of H satisfies certain deep properties. If W is crystallographic and H is a one-parameter algebra, then these properties are known to h...

Interpretation as a method to be applied by the designer is based on the principle of building a new rationality: constructing material culture, holding as a reference the user, ultimate recipient for the projected product. Interpretation as a method further strengthens the specificity of ‘designerly ways of thinking and designerly ways of knowing’ (Nigel Cross). With this approach we aim to co...

Introdouction: Dentists need to be able to diagnose jaw lesions due to professional responsibilities to refer affected patients for expeditious treatment as needed. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of senior dental students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences regarding the interpretation of radiographic images of oral lesions. The study took place in 2011–2012...

The keyboard is mainly used for text input, and has function and shortcut keys to reduce the number of manual operations. However, it is difficult and troublesome for beginners to memorize the relations between the keys and functions. We propose, in this paper, two intuitional input methods on the physical keyboard in addition to the usual texttyping: stroke, which traces a shape on the keyboar...

reason in mu`tazila`s of basreh is explained by interpretations like knowledge, prohibition, thought, opinion, way to achieve knowledge, and apprehension of religious duties. they were the first group of sunnis that benefited from speculative reason in cognition of religion; and argued for good and evil of deeds through practical reason, and rejected vile action of allah, they also argued for d...

Influence of hole shape on extraordinary optical transmission was investigated using hole arrays consisting of rectangular holes with different aspect ratio. It was found that the transmission could be tuned continuously by rotating the hole array. Further more, a phase was generated in this process, and linear polarization states could be changed to elliptical polarization states. This phase w...