The solvent reorganization energy of outer sphere electron transfer in polar liquids is derived in a molecular treatment. The reorganization energy is shown to be the sum of two contributions: the reorganization energy of reorientation of liquid permanent dipoles and the energy of reorganization of the liquid density. Reorientation of the dipoles gives the main contribution to the solvent reorg...

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Domestic US sugar production has been protected by government policy for the past 82 years, resulting in elevated domestic prices and an estimated annual (2013) $1.4 billion dollar ‘‘tax’’ on consumers. These elevated prices and the simultaneous federal support for domestic corn production have ensured a strong market for highfructose corn syrup. Americans have dramatically increased their cons...

Mucin glycoproteins purified from cervical epithelial secretion of the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) exhibit multiple blood group activities. Alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage resulted in a mixture of neutral and acidic oligosaccharide-alditols. By high-performance liquid chromatography, seven oligosaccharides (A-4-1 to A-4-7) have been purified from the monosialyloligosaccharide fractio...

The role that energy-containing beverages may play in the development of overweight and obesity remains highly controversial, in particular the alcoholic and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Both of these beverage formats have been increasing as a percentage of the westernized diet over the past 20 years, and both have contributed significantly to an increase in energy consumed in liquid form. ...

Twenty-five subjects evaluated the sweetness, creaminess and fat content of liquid and solid dairy products containing between 0.1 and 52 g fat/100 g and sweetened with 0-20% sucrose weight/weight. Liquid stimuli included skim milk, whole milk, half and half, and heavy cream, while the solids included cottage cheese and cream cheese, blended and spread "jelly-roll" fashion on slices of white br...

Oil palm biomass, namely empty fruit bunch and frond fiber, were pretreated using a planetary ball mill. Particle sizes and crystallinity index values of the oil palm biomass were significantly reduced with extended ball mill processing time. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by the generation of glucose, xylose, and total sugar conversion yields from the pretreatment process compared to t...

Use of the Brookfield disc spindle and of the Brookfield cone and plate viscometers in the sugar industry is investigated. The theoretical aspects of each viscometer are discussed, including geometry, the ability to measure non-Newtonian fluids and the calculation of the results. Comparisons between the two viscometers, based on the use of viscosity standards, of pure and of impure sucrose solu...

ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS METHANOL, ETHANOL, 1-BUTANOL Eva Mračková Abstract: It is introduced the explosion Chamber VK 100 in the paper, in which we determined the lower explosive limits (LEL) of selected aliphatic alcohols as flammable liquids methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol. First, the calculations of the volume of flammable liquid necessary for setting of LEL were carried out. Next, it was carried ou...

Table sugars were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (300, 400, and 500°C) in a fixed-bed reactor. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on yields of liquid, solid, and gaseous products was investigated. As expected the yield of liquid products gradually increased and the yield of solid products gradually decreased when the pyrolysis temperature was raised. The yield of liquid products was great...