Recent pregnancy correlates with decreased survival for breast cancer patients compared with non-pregnancy-associated breast cancer. We hypothesize that postpartum mammary involution induces metastasis through wound-healing programs known to promote cancer. It is unknown whether alternatively activated M2 macrophages, immune cells important in wound-healing and experimental tumorigenesis that a...

Mammary gland involution is a physiological process that follows lactation and results in the rapid disappearance of the entire lobulo-alveolar compartment. Coincident with the onset of involution, milk protein gene expression ceases and alveolar cells undergo programmed cell death. In mammary epithelial tissue culture cells in vitro, both p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis pathways ha...

Two Banach algebras are naturally associated with a locally compact group G: the group algebra, L,(G), and the measure algebra, M(G). For these two Banach algebras we determine all isometric involutions. Each of these Banach algebras has a natural involution. We will show that an isometric involution, (*), is the natural involution on £'(<?) if and only if the closure in the strict topology of ...

Two Banach algebras are naturally associated with a locally compact group G: the group algebra, L,(G), and the measure algebra, M(G). For these two Banach algebras we determine all isometric involutions. Each of these Banach algebras has a natural involution. We will show that an isometric involution, (*), is the natural involution on £'(<?) if and only if the closure in the strict topology of ...

Let $(A,\sigma)$ be a central simple algebra with an orthogonal involution. It is well-known that $O(A,\sigma)$ contains elements of reduced norm $-1$ if and only the Brauer class $A$ trivial. We generalize this statement to Azumaya algebras involution over semilocal rings, show "if" part fails one allows base ring arbitrary.

BACKGROUND Lobular involution, or age-related atrophy of breast lobules, is inversely associated with breast cancer risk, and mammographic breast density (MBD) is positively associated with breast cancer risk. METHODS To evaluate whether lobular involution and MBD are independently associated with breast cancer risk in women with benign breast disease, we performed a nested cohort study among...

Mammary gland involution is characterized by extensive apoptosis of the epithelial cells. At the onset of involution, Stat3 is specifically activated. To address the function of this signaling molecule in mammary epithelial apoptosis, we have generated a conditional knockout of Stat3 using the Cre-lox recombination system. Following weaning, a decrease in apoptosis and a dramatic delay of invol...

During mammary gland involution, the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays an important role in tissue remodelling and in the termination of milk production. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) has been known as a central inducer to EMT and contributor to the mammary gland involution. However, the whole mechanism has accomplished the EMT process in mammary gland is still unclear...

Following an idea of D. Bennequin, we give a classiication of quadratic algebras generated by creation and destruction operators, in which the Heisenberg equations of motion for a system of harmonic oscillators hold. For simplicity of exposition, we x K = C, the eld of complex numbers, but all the results would be valid for any commutative eld of characteristic 0, endowed with an involution (po...