Interfacial regions attached to hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces have very low relative permittivities (ε ∼ 3–5), these values induce the formation of ion pairs. A detailed description pairing will be possible only after development adequate experimental probing methods. The scheme described in this work detects pair (or multistage association) water solutions interfacial region. Forces act...

Lane formation dynamics of driven three-dimensional pair-ion plasmas (PIP) is investigated. Extensive Langevin simulation performed to study the influence an external electric field on behaviour PIP system. In our model, one half particles are pushed into direction by force $\boldsymbol {F}_{A}$ while other pulled opposite {F}_{B}$ . We show that if and parallel, system undergoes a non-equilibr...

The objective of this study was to examine whether ion pair complexation with endogenous bile salts in hepatocytes contributes to the preferential biliary excretion of organic cations (OCs). Tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA; mol wt 200) and triethylmethylammonium (TEMA; mol wt 116) were selected as model OCs that exhibit significant and negligible biliary excretion, respectively, in rats. The appa...

Background: A great deal of evidence has indicated that oxidatively modified LDL plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants that can prevent LDL oxidation may act as antiatherogens. Copper is a candidate for oxidizing LDL in atherosclerotic lesions. The binding of copper ions to LDL is usually thought to be a prerequisite for LDL oxidation by copper...

We describe the experimental investigation of time-resolved magnetic field effects in exciplex-forming organic donor-acceptor systems. In these systems, the photoexcited acceptor state is predominantly deactivated by bimolecular electron transfer reactions (yielding radical ion pairs) or by direct exciplex formation. The delayed fluorescence emitted by the exciplex is magnetosensitive if the re...