We report the first quantitative phase-sensitive measurement of ultrafast ionization rates in gases. Ultrafast probe depletion via frequency mixing in the ionization front is observed. The detailed dynamics of an atom in a strong laser field is rich in both interesting physics and potential applications. The source of both high-harmonic WVW-XW radiation [1] and ionization-based sources of tunab...

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) experiments require a suitable match of the matrix and target compounds to achieve a selective and sensitive analysis. However, it is still difficult to predict which metabolites are ionizable with a given matrix and which factors lead to an efficient ionization. In the present study, we extracted structural properties of ...

Recently a number of techniques have combined laser ablation with liquid capture for mass spectrometry spot sampling and imaging applications. The newly developed noncontact liquid-vortex capture probe has been used to efficiently collect material ablated by a 355 nm UV laser in a continuous flow solvent stream in which the captured material dissolves and then undergoes electrospray ionization....

An Analytical Band Monte Carlo model was used to investigate the temperature dependence of impact ionization in InAs. The model produced an excellent agreement with experimental data for both avalanche gain and excess noise factors at all temperatures modeled. The gain exhibits a positive temperature dependence whilst the excess noise shows a very weak negative dependence. These dependencies we...

Ionization and, in particular, ionization through the interaction with light play an important role in fundamental processes in physics, chemistry, and biology. In recent years, we have seen tremendous advances in our ability to measure the dynamics of photo-induced ionization in various systems in the gas, liquid, or solid phase. In this review, we will define the parameters used for quantifyi...

Mass spectrometry has been regarded as one of the most valuable analytical instruments since any compound has its intrinsic mass value. However, mass spectrometry can only be used to measure the mass-tocharge ratio (m/z) of a charged particle. Therefore, ionization process is usually needed unless the particle to be measured has an intrinsic charge. Nevertheless, the ionization efficiency is us...