Ojuka, Edward O., Terry E. Jones, Dong-Ho Han, May Chen, Brian R. Wamhoff, Michael Sturek, and John O. Holloszy. Intermittent increases in cytosolic Ca2 stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283: E1040–E1045, 2002. First published July 24, 2002; 10.1152/ajpendo.00242.2002.—Muscle contractions cause numerous disturbances in intracellular homeostasis. T...

Activation of lymphocytes can effectively produce a large amount of cytokines. The types of cytokines produced may depend on stimulating reagents and treatments. To find an optimal method to stimulate cytokine production and evaluate its effect on immunotoxicity assessments, the authors analyzed production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, RANTES and TGF-β in undiluted ra...

Using video, fluorescence and confocal microscopy, quantitative analysis and modeling, we investigated intracellular processes mediating the calcium/calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM)-dependent slow motility in hair cells dissociated from the rostral region of amphibian papilla, one of the two auditory organs in frogs. The time course of shape changes in these hair cells during the period of pretreatment ...

Utilizing clinostatic rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactors that simulate aspects of microgravity, we found phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness to be almost completely diminished. Activation marker expression was significantly reduced in RWV cultures. Furthermore, cytokine secretion profiles suggested that monocytes are not as adversely affected by simulated microgravity as T cells. Reduce...

The fast response to stimuli and subsequent activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway play an essential role in human T cell functions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly implicated in regulation of numerous biological and pathological processes. In this study we demonstrate a novel function of miRNA-9 (miR-9) in regulation of the NFAT signaling pathway. Up...

Activation of lymphocytes with 10 microM ionomycin leads to a rapid increase in the concentration of free cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]i) and, at a slower rate, also to an increase in the cytoplasmic free magnesium concentration ([Mg2+]i). The ionomycin-induced Mg(2+)-mobilization response is dependent on the influx of extracellular Ca2+. After receptor-mediated lymphocyte activation, induced by ...

Inner and outer hair cells were mechanically isolated from the guinea pig cochlea and subjected to stimuli known to induce shape changes in outer hair cells. Depolarization by 70 mM KCl which causes osmotic swelling of outer hair cells also swelled inner hair cells by approximately 8% of their volume. The application of the calcium ionophore ionomycin which induces cortical contractions and elo...

The influence of the fungoid undecapeptide cyclosporin A (CyA) on PGE2 release from cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells was investigated in this study. We found that CyA time and concentration dependently (ED50:500 ng/ml) inhibited PGE2 release from the cells. CyA attenuated both basal and PGE2 release evoked by angiotensin II (10(-10)-10(-6) M), arginine vasopressin (10(-10)-10(-6) M) and ...