The water salinity of the Euphrates River as it enters Iraq, expressed as total dissolved solids (TDS), has more than doubled compared to that of 1973. Downstream of Al Hindia Barrage, south of Baghdad, the salinity has increased gradually over the last 30 years. The annual average TDS at Al Nassiriah, in the lower reaches of the Euphrates, has increased from 1,080 ppm in 1979 to more than 4,50...

Concerns about the mental health of military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan has led to a new generation of research. This review is an examination of the UK literature on the mental health consequences of deployment of armed forces personnel to Iraq and Afghanistan. As yet, deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan has not been associated with a general increase in mental health problems fo...

OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate longitudinal trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. METHODS We determined the prevalence and predictors of mental health diagnoses among 289,328 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans entering Veterans Affairs (VA) health care from 2002 to 2008 using national VA data. RESULTS Of 289,328 Iraq and Afghanistan veteran...

The construct validity of maternal mind-mindedness (MM) was investigated in the context of its relations with children's later understanding of mind. MM measures were obtained from infant-mother (N = 52) interactions at 6 months, and from maternal interviews at 48 months. Children's understanding of mind was assessed using theory of mind (ToM) tasks at 45 and 48 months, and a stream of consciou...

Background Pediatric cardiac services in Iraq are poorly developed. Only two centers in the country provided pediatric cardiac services at any significant level prior to an assistance development plan. Prior to 2010 approximately 400 children/ year received surgical care in Iraq. Occasional children were sent out of the country for surgery. We instituted a multi-city assistance program in 2010 ...

Quentin Smith has argued that the new tenseless theory of time is faced with insurmountable problems and should be abandoned in favour of the tensed theory of time. Smith’s main argument attacks the fundamental premise of the tenseless theory: that tenseless truth conditions for tokens of tensed sentences adequately capture the meaning of tensed sentences. His position is that tenseless truth c...

1998-1999 school year poses the question of how the United States should change its foreign policy toward Russia. Although debate about foreign policy has been relegated to a back-seat compared to domestic issues by the American public, the academic community in international relations (IR) has been energized by the end of the Cold War. The Russia topic will provide a challenging opportunity fo...

The paper presents an analysis of the interpretation of recursive types as logical relations in the framework of iterative algebraic theories. This allows a smoother presentation of the underlying technique, and easier proofs of properties of the interpretation.

BACKGROUND UK armed forces personnel who took part in the 1991 Gulf war experienced an increase in symptomatic ill health, colloquially known as Gulf war syndrome. Speculation about an Iraq war syndrome has already started. METHODS We compared the health of male regular UK armed forces personnel deployed to Iraq during the 2003 war (n=3642) with that of their colleagues who were not deployed ...