We herein report the synthesis of 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol from isobutene and HCHO in water via a Prins condensation-hydrolysis reaction over CeO2, which is a water-tolerant Lewis acid catalyst. The CeO2 exhibits significant catalytic activity for the reaction, giving 95% HCHO conversion and 84% 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol selectivity at 150 ◦C for 4 h. The crystal planes of CeO2 have a significant ...

Isoprenol (3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol) is an important intermediate in the chemical industry, which used, for example, production of citral. It produced from aqueous formaldehyde and isobutene has to be separated mixtures containing water purification process, complicated, as highly reactive forms oligomers with both isoprenol. These oligomerization reactions are slow under conditions relevant isopr...

Direct measurements of intermediates of ignition are challenging experimental objectives, yet such measurements are critical for understanding fuel decomposition and oxidation pathways. In the current work, a new gas-sampling system is used to provide quantitative discrete measurements of 30 hydrocarbon and oxygenate species during rapid compression facility studies of isooctane ignition. Two t...

Understanding the structural and electronic mechanisms by which catalysts activate and deactivate during use is crucial to the intelligent design of more efficient chemical syntheses. Atomic resolution electron microscopy is used in conjunction with bulk characterization tools including as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet–visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) and X-ray Absor...

The automated Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG), using rate parameters derived from ab initio CCSD(T) calculations, is used to build reaction networks for the thermal decomposition of di-tert-butyl sulfide. Simulation results were compared with data from pyrolysis experiments with and without the addition of a cyclohexene inhibitor. Purely free-radical chemistry did not properly explain the re...

On the other hand, the less stabilized tris(4chlorophenyl)methyl cation (1 b) was reported to initiate the polymerization of isobutene3). In accordance, p-methoxy and p-methyl substituted tritylium ions do not initiate the polymerization of a-methylstyrene, in contrast to the less stable 1 a and 1 b4). Only for few reactive monomers, however, the initiation was proven to proceed via addition of...

Evidence has been presented earlier (1, 2) to show that the biosynthesis of linamarin (Zhydroxyisobutyronitrile-fl-D-&copyranoside) in linen flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) may involve isobutyraldoxime, isobutyronitrile, and 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile. Recent results (3) indicate that administered 2-hydroxyisobutyraldoxime is also a precursor of linamarin. For lina#marin biosvnthesis, two mechanis...

The kinetics of the decomposition of 4-methyl-1-pentyl radicals have been studied from 927-1068 K at pressures of 1.78-2.44 bar using a single pulse shock tube with product analysis. The reactant radicals were formed from the thermal C-I bond fission of 1-iodo-4-methylpentane, and a radical inhibitor was used to prevent interference from bimolecular reactions. 4-Methyl-1-pentyl radicals undergo...

This study presents an experimental comparison of energy, exergy flow and second law efficiency of R22 and its substitute R436b (hydrocarbon mixture of 52% of propane (R290) 48% of isobutene (R600a)), vapour compression refrigeration cycles. The vapour compression refrigeration cycle was initially designed to operate with R22. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the system process...

Sorbent-TRACK is a new device developed to monitor adsorption and surface oxidation of pollutants under direct plasma exposure. It is based on direct transmitted Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A pyrex reactor under controlled gas pressure and composition is inserted on the infrared beam of a commercially available Nicolet 5700 FTIR spectrometer. A substrate holder is located ...