This paper uses analysis and experiments to study the minimal buffering requirements of congestion controlled multimedia applications. Applications in the Internet must use congestion control protocols, which vary transmission rates according to network conditions. To produce a smooth perceptual quality, multimedia applications use buffering and rate adaptations to compensate these rate oscilla...

AIMS During activation of cardiac myocytes, less than 1% of cytosolic Ca is free; the rest is bound to buffers, largely SERCA, and troponin C. Signalling by phosphorylation, as occurs during β-adrenergic stimulation, changes the Ca-binding affinity of these proteins and may affect the systolic Ca transient. Our aim was to determine the effects of β-adrenergic stimulation on Ca buffering and to ...

A positive correlation has been demonstrated between the ability of Rhizobium strains to colonize acidic agar surfaces and their production of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) in solution culture at pH 7.0. This set of experiments examined the effects of EPS on solution pH levels and Al activity, two common growth-limiting factors in acid soils. Samples of EPS from each of 20 previously acids...

Background: The paradigm of "buffering" originated in acid-base physiology, but was subsequently extended to other fields and is now used for a wide and diverse set of phenomena. In the preceding article, we have presented a formal and general approach to the quantitation of buffering action. Here, we use that buffering concept for a systematic treatment of selected classical and other bufferin...

Motivated by applications to goodness of fit degenerate U-statistics testing, the Jackknife empirical likelihood approach for U-statistics is generalized to degenerate U-statistics. The proposed empirical likelihood based goodness of fit tests are asymptotically distribution free. The asymptotic theory for testing shift of location, spatial depth testing for central symmetry, Cramér-von Mises t...

Oilseed rape straw (ORS) is a kind of biorefractory waste widely existing in the rural area of China, which is highly suitable to mix with kitchen waste (KW) and duck droppings (DD) in two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD). This research introduced the importance of KW and DD addition to improve the biogas production and biodegradation of ORS. A set of comparative experiments were conducted on two...

Buffering of H+ and OHions in pure water probably represent the most primal physicochemical buffering phenomena, and their quantitative description is of great interest. In this context, “pure water” shall mean water without any solutes that could act as H+ buffers. In the following, it is understood that addition of H+ ions to pure water, or removal of H+ ions from it is carried out in the for...

In this work, the characterization of several reversed-phase and HILIC chromatographic systems is presented by means Abraham's solvation parameter model, focusing on impact solute polarizability, dipolarity, hydrogen bonding, molecular volume retention. Although retention times in octadecylsilane columns are clearly dependent nature content organic modifier mobile phase, similar selectivities r...