An increasing number of Internet traders exclusively sell digital products. These digital products can include media files, licenses, services, or subscriptions. We consider the concept of digital provenance in reseller chains. The goal of this work is to provide an honest customer with a guarantee on the origin and ownership history for a digital item even when the reseller they are dealing wi...

Computer adaptive testing is the study of scoring tests and questions based on assumptions concerning the mathematical relationship between examinees’ ability and the examinees’ responses. Adaptive student tests, which are based on item response theory (IRT), have many advantages over conventional tests. We use the least square method, a well-known statistical method, to reach an estimation of ...

Tutors often find it difficult to mark consistently across all students in their classes. Students will occasionally complain about marking inconsistencies noticed when they compare assignments. The task of maintaining consistency in marking becomes much more difficult when all students can openly see everybody’s solutions, marks and tutors’ comments. This task becomes even more difficult when ...

Although a substantial amount of research has been conducted on differential item functioning in testing, studies have focused on detecting differential item functioning rather than on explaining how or why it may occur. Some recent work has explored sources of differential functioning using explanatory and multilevel item response models. This study uses hierarchical generalized linear modelin...

The Unique Identification (UID) initiative is a forthcoming and highly ambitious project in India where each resident of India will be issued a unique number that can be used lifelong and anywhere (Rai, 2009). The central government under the leadership of Mr. Nandan Nilekani, Minister of State, created the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), an agency responsible for implementing...

This material is also provided to the Supervisor of Marking, to give some guidance about the nature and scope of the responses the committee expected students would produce. How sample answers are used at marking centres varies. Sample answers may be used extensively and even modified at the marking centre OR they may be considered only briefly at the beginning of marking. In a few cases, the s...