We deepen the two main approaches to the problem of measurement error in social sciences, the Structural Equation Models (SEM) and the Item Response Theory Models (IRM), comparing two different estimation procedures. The One-step procedure (related to SEM) requires that researcher specifies a complete model of both measurement aspects (single link between the latent variable and its indicators)...

Aim: In this the job-related stress among Libyan nurses working at operating room in Misurata National Cancer Institute and explored occupational stressors terms of frequency severity.
 Method: The retrospective study was carried out on nurses, who work Institute. researcher used purposive sampling wherein all had been as have defined participants. There were 14 Nurses currently Institute,...

Maximum likelihood estimation techniques are widely used in twin and family studies, but soon reach computational boundaries when applied to highly complex models (e.g., models including gene-by-environment interaction and gene-environment correlation, item response theory measurement models, repeated measures, longitudinal structures, extended pedigrees). Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algori...

Jan Piltz has gone down in the history of medicine, and not only of Polish medicine, as an eminent researcher into papillary reflexes. Our text is predominantly dedicated to this issue. Our primary goal was to present the course of the research conducted by this Polish scientist, providing details and depicting the conditions in which he reached his solutions; ones so significant for the develo...