A novel polymer-layer-free system for liquid-crystal alignment is demonstrated by various shaped indium tin oxide (ITO) patterns. Liquid crystals are aligned along the ITO line pattern and secondary sputtering lithography can change the shape of the ITO line pattern. Different shapes can control the direction and size of the pretilt angle. This effect eliminates defects and reduces the response...

Looking foward to the future where the device becomes flexible and rollable, indium tin oxide (ITO) fabricated on the plastic substrate becomes indispensable. Metallization on the ITO plastic substrate is an essential and required process. Electroplating is a cost-effective and high-throughput metallization process; however, the poor surface coverage and interfacial adhesion between electroplat...

The governance of IT outsourcing (ITO) has been identified as an essential determinant for ITO success. Prior studies have shed light on effective governance forms in different organizational contexts, but few have studied the association between governance forms and interpersonal networks. With a single case study from a vendor’s perspective in an ITO dyad, this research strives to explore and...

It is shown that a digital simulation of a noise induced phase transition using an algorithm consistent with the Ito stochastic calculus is in agreement with the predictions of that theory, whereas experiments with an analogue simulator yield measured results in agreement with the predictions of the Stratonovich theory.

We demonstrate experimentally picosecond all-optical control of a single plasmonic nanoantenna embedded in indium tin oxide (ITO). We identify a picosecond response of the antenna-ITO hybrid system, which is distinctly different from transient bleaching observed for gold antennas on a nonconducting SiO(2) substrate. Our experimental results can be explained by the large free-carrier nonlinearit...

Indium belongs to Group III A in the periodic table and it is mainly used in the making of thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays (LCDs) for television screens, portable computer screens, pocket telephone displays and video monitors, mainly through the utilization of indiumtin oxide (ITO). ITO is a sintered alloy containing a large portion of indium oxide and a small portion of tin oxide....

It was recently reported that the slow transient outward K current, Ito, s, that is evident in mouse left ventricular septal cells is eliminated in mice with a targeted deletion of the Kv1.4 gene (Kv1.4). The rapidly inactivating transient outward K current, Ito, f, in contrast, is selectively eliminated in ventricular myocytes isolated from transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative Kv4 a ...

Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) has found widespread use in solar cells, displays, and touch screens as a transparent electrode; however, two major problems with ITO remain: high reflectivity (up to 10%) and insufficient flexibility. Together, these problems severely limit the applications of ITO films for future optoelectronic devices. In this communication, we report the fabrication of ITO nanof...