This paper examines entrepreneurship in order to analyze, first, the degree to which the opportunity to start or own a business affects the household’s saving behavior and the implication of this behavior for the distribution of wealth and, second, the relationship between the extent of entrepreneurship in the economy and socioeconomic mobility, that is, the movement of families across wealth c...

Documentation IZAΨMOD: The IZA Policy SImulation MODel This paper describes IZAΨMOD, the policy microsimulation model of the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). The model uses household microdata from the German SocioEconomic Panel Study and firm data from the German linked employer-employee dataset LIAB. IZAΨMOD consists of three components: First, a static module simulates the effects of ...

A resting cell system was developed for bacteriocin Lac-B23 production from Lactobacillus paracasei J23. The resting cell medium contained (g/L): Glucose 20, Sodium acetate 5.0, MnSO4 0.25 MgSO4 0.5, Ammoniumhydrogencitrate 1.0, KH2PO4 1.0. The resting cell incubation time and temperature were 20 h and 37 °C and the effects of exogenous factors, including amino acids, glycerol, pyruvic acid, an...

This paper revisits the no-attachment assumption in job search models with random productivity fluctuations and Nash-bargaining. Both workers and firms value the option to remain in attachment: firms profit from a reduced hiring cost, while workers gain from a higher reservation wage when bargaining with a new employer. Ex-post differentiation of workers into attached and unattached unemployed ...

China’s college admission rose from one million in 1998 to seven million in 2009, and associated with the expansion is the declining college premium for young workers. However, the college premium for senior workers increased in the same period. We show that the rising demand for skilled workers is the driving force. To explain this, we build a general equilibrium theory that considers two dime...

Job creation has had important economic and political consequences for countries in transition. Evidence from a survey of 500 firms in Russia finds that new private firms are more likely to increase employment, while worker-owned and worker-managed firms are less likely to create jobs. In addition, firm managers who expand employment appear to be a constituency for market-oriented parties. Mana...

Entrepreneurship Among Married Couples in the United States: A Simultaneous Probit Approach This article proposes a simultaneous probit equation framework to analyse the business ownership patterns of married couples in the United States. A structural model of knowledge spillovers within couples is formulated and estimated. Empirical analysis reveals significant and substantial positive interde...

Untangling Trade and Technology: Evidence from Local Labor Markets We juxtapose the effects of trade and technology on employment in U.S. local labor markets between 1990 and 2007. Labor markets whose initial industry composition exposes them to rising Chinese import competition experience significant falls in employment, particularly in manufacturing and among non-college workers. Labor market...

Field Editor: S. Parker We investigate the role of health insurance coverage in explaining transitions in and out of entrepreneurship in the U.S. We first consider the effect of individual coverage, along with that from a spouse, on the likelihood of entry and exit. Next, we examine the tax deductions granted to the self-employed through amendments made to the 1986 Tax Reform Act. Using the Cur...

This paper investigates empirically whether and to what extent initial capital constraints hinder entrepreneurial performance once the venture has been started. As discussed in the paper, prior empirical research in this area could investigate this issue only indirectly by lack of data and adequate empirical identification strategies. The key contribution of this paper is that – due to our comp...