Museum skull specimens represent a non-invasive, informative, and readily available means to study temporomandibular joint (TMJ) lesions, dental pathology, anatomic variations in many mammalian species. Studying the teeth jaws of an array species can present challenge requiring attention detail understanding species' normal anatomy. In article, systematic precise protocol for examining is discu...

Accurate hand joints detection from images is a fundamental topic that essential for many applications in computer vision and human–computer interaction. This paper presents two-stage network single unmarked image by using serial-parallel multi-scale feature fusion. In stage I, the regions are located an encoder-decoder network, features of each detected region extracted shallow spatial represe...

Bearings are common rotational units, but these monocentric units do not realize high bio-imitability in exoskeleton robots. A way to bionic motion is with an n-bar linkage mechanism within bearings, the resultant joints can become complex. Herein, we propose a joint model based on anatomy of grasshopper that consists pair conjugate surfaces and flexible connection body. An anatomical experimen...

Abstract Imaging evaluation of the hip joint requires expert knowledge about detailed anatomy and specific injuries. This chapter will include various osseous pathologies that can affect such as stress fractures, osteonecrosis, or subchondral insufficiency fractures. Several types mechanical impingement between components be discussed femoroacetabular impingement, abnormal antetorsion, subspine...

An intra-articular ligament of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) has been observed by the authors during dissection for hallux valgus and hallux rigidus corrective surgery over a number of years. The enigmatic incidence and role of this structure prompted further investigation. A literature review was conducted across several scientific databases using the search terms “first metatarso...