In vitro studies of epithelial cell morphogenesis have demonstrated the influence of environment composition and orientation in the development of multicellular epithelial structures such as tubules and cysts. We have constructed a low resolution, discrete event simulation model and report on its use to explore how experimentally observed morphogenetic phenomena under four growth conditions mig...

It is not clear how simple genetic changes can account for the coordinated variations that give rise to modified functional organs. Here, we addressed this issue by analysing the expression and function of regulatory genes in the developing tracheal systems of two insect species. The larval tracheal system of Drosophila can be distinguished from the less derived tracheal system of the beetle Tr...

Jujube production is threatened by jujube witches’ broom (JWB) disease, which caused JWB phytoplasma. The TCP transcription factor (TF) ZjTCP16 may be involved in the interaction of plants with In this study, qRT-PCR proved that expression pattern was altered gene functions were analyzed its overexpression Arabidopsis and jujube, as well knock-down in. resulted dwarfism small leaves, while zjtc...

Morphogenesis is an important component of animal development. Genetic redundancy has been proposed to be common among morphogenesis genes, posing a challenge to the genetic dissection of morphogenesis mechanisms. Genetic redundancy is more generally a challenge in biology, as large proportions of the genes in diverse organisms have no apparent loss of function phenotypes. Here, we present a sc...

let ‎x be an ‎‎n-‎‎‎‎‎‎square complex matrix with the ‎cartesian decomposition ‎‎x = a + i ‎b‎‎‎‎‎, ‎where ‎‎a ‎and ‎‎b ‎are ‎‎‎n ‎‎times n‎ ‎hermitian ‎matrices. ‎it ‎is ‎known ‎that ‎‎$vert x vert_p^2 ‎leq 2(vert a vert_p^2 + vert b vert_p^2)‎‎‎$, ‎where ‎‎$‎p ‎‎geq 2‎$‎ ‎and ‎‎$‎‎vert . vert_p$ ‎is ‎the ‎schatten ‎‎‎‎p-norm.‎ ‎‎ ‎‎in this paper‎, this inequality and some of its improvements ...

objectives: joint attention is one of the most important prerequisite of language and social development. there are two types of joint attention, initiating joint attention and responding to joint attention. this study examined the development of responding to joint attention in typically developing children in 8-30 month. methods: this study was cross-sectional. 61 children (40 female and 20 m...