This paper identiies an overlooked implication of models of research joint ventures initiated by d'Aspremont and Jacquemin (1988). Even though the aggregate R&D cost of identical rms in a research joint venture would be lowest if they invested equally to reduce subsequent production costs, nonetheless members may often enlarge their overall joint proot by making unequal investments. Such a stra...

for the past 3 decades, creating industrial clusters have been considered as an approach for the development of most small and medium enterprises. the goal of this programme is that all small and medium enterprises locating in a certain geoghraphic area can concentrate on cluster approach to collaborate in market research, production design, training and other activities that are not economical...

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