We discuss the problem of counting the maximum number of distinct states that an isolated physical system can pass through in a given period of time—its maximum speed of dynamical evolution. Previous analyses have given bounds in terms of ∆E, the standard deviation of the energy of the system; here we give a strict bound that depends only on E−E0, the system’s average energy minus its ground st...

This tutorial presents an introduction to power scaling concepts for high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and attosecond pulse production. We present an overview of state-of-the-art HHG-based extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources, followed by a brief introduction to basic principles underlying HHG and a detailed discussion of macroscopic effects and scaling principles. Particular emphasis is put on...

This paper deals with the reshaping technology for realizing three-dimensional (3-D) microstructures through plastic deformation of single-crystal silicon (SCS) films by applying Joule heating. SCS beams are used for determining the behavior of SCS microstructures during reshaping. The reshaped SCS structure has a sharp corner at a point where stress and heat are concentrated. The plastic defor...

phase change memory devices Kyle L. Grosse, Eric Pop, and William P. King Deptartment of Mechanical Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Ur...

The aim of the present study is to address the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) radiative flow of an incompressible Jeffrey fluid over a linearly stretched surface. Heat and mass transfer characteristics are accounted for in the presence of Joule heating and thermophoretic effects. Series solutions by the homotopy analysis method are constructed for the velocity, temperature and concentration fields. ...

We review the transient version of the work and fluctuation theorem. We verify the theorem explicitly by a microscopically exact analytic calculation of the probability distribution for work or entropy production in three physical examples: the Joule experiment, the compression/expansion of a gas and the process of effusion. To cite this article: B. Cleuren et al., C. R. Physique 8 (2007). © 20...

Thin films of Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 manganites exhibiting charge/orbital-ordered properties with colossal magnetoresistance have been synthesized by the pulsed laser deposition technique on both (100)-SrTiO3 and (100)-LaAlO3 substrates. The effects of current-induced metallic-behavior of the films are investigated as a function of the temperature and the magnetic field. Calculations based on a heat tr...

The conjugate effects of radiation and joule heating on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow along a sphere with heat generation have been investigated in this paper. The governing equations are transformed into dimensionless non-similar equations by using set of suitable transformations and solved numerically by the finite difference method along with Newton’s linearization approxima...

Cooperation in wireless networks has been recently considered as a technique to increase the network throughput. However, for sensor networks with limited available energy, this benefit may come at the expense of a increased energy consumption due to the simultaneous transmission by many nodes. In this paper we consider the bit per Joule achievable rate (AR) as a performance measure of a cooper...