Hypothesis: Geological events and their timing influence local climate, size and shape of fluvial habitats, isolating barriers, and different rates of speciation and extinction, which interact to create gradients of freshwater fish diversity at regional and continental scales. Organisms: Recent freshwater fishes of North America south to southern Mexico and Cenozoic fossil species of the famili...

loess deposit is one of the most important quaternary deposits of northeastern parts of iran which have high erosion rate. this study was performed with field- rainfall- simulator which has a plot area of 1 m2 in gorganrood drainage basin to determine the effective factors on sediment yield. landuse, slope and erosion feature maps were overlaid in gis to obtain land unit map. then on work units...

In this study, a grain-scale modelling technique has been developed to generate the capillary pressure-saturation curves for swelling granular materials. This model employs only basic granular properties such as particles size distribution, porosity, and the amount of absorbed water for swelling materials. Using this model, both drainage and imbibition curves are directly obtained by pore-scale...

This paper includes modeling and simulation of 180 MW units of pumped storage power plant with Variable speed machines. In this method, voltage source inverters are used instead of traditional cyclo-converters. This paper aims to control the voltage source inverters and maintain DC voltage at a constant value. AC/ DC/ AC converter is used in system configuration structure in order to control an...

the national bridge stock of iran consists of about 330,000 bridges, of which around 50% are older than 30 years. since 2010, iran road maintenance & transportation organization has started implementing a comprehensive bridge management system in order to manage this aged stock efficiently. to predict future conditions of bridge stock, a heuristic numerical method is presented. this methodology...

background: nosocomial rhino sinusitis causes major problems in all intensive care units (icus). objective: to describe incidence, epidemiologic, clinical manifestations, and microbiologic findings in icus admitted cases with nosocomial sinusitis. materials and methods: a prospective, cross sectional study done in pediatric & adult icus in rasoul akram hospital; tehran iran (2007-2008). para-na...

The purpose of this overview is to quantitatively assess the conflicting body of literature concerning the efficacy of physical therapy modalities for clearing bronchial secretions in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The modalities examined included positive expiratory pressure (PEP) mask, forced expiratory technique (FET), exercise (EX), autogenic drainage (AD), and standar...

This paper presents a model of a heavily managed coastal Mediterranean wetland. The hydrosystem studied , called “Ile de Camargue”, is the central part of the Rhone river delta. It comprises flat agricultural drainage basins, marshes, and shallow brackish lagoons whose connection to the sea is managed. This hydrosystem is subject to strong natural hydrological variability due to the combination...

OBJECTIVES The management of chest tubes is one of the most critical aspects in patient care in thoracic surgery, and no consensus exists regarding the ideal chest tube management strategy. METHODS Chest tube management protocols and their effects on chest tube therapy were compared at four German specialist thoracic surgery units. Altogether, 79 patients were stratified for underlying diseas...